2017英语专八考试真题及答案解析

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WORD格式整理版QUESTIONBOOKLETTESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2016)-GRADEEIGHT-TIMELIMIT:150MINPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthemini-lectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothemini-lecture,pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillhearONEinterview.TheinterviewwillbedividedintoTWOparts.Attheendofeachpart,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesofA,B,CandD,andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthequestions.Now,listentothePartOneoftheinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonPartOneoftheinterview.1.A.Maggie’suniversitylife.B.Hermom’slifeatHarvard.C.Maggie’sviewonstudyingwithMom.D.Maggie’sopiniononhermom’smajor.学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版1.A.Theytakeexamsinthesameweeks.B.Theyhavesimilarlecturenotes.C.Theyapplyforthesameinternship.D.Theyfollowthesamefashion.2.A.Havingroommates.B.Practicingcourttrails.C.Studyingtogether.D.Takingnotesbyhand.3.A.Protection.B.Imagination.C.Excitement.D.Encouragement.4.A.ThinkingofwaystocomfortMom.B.OccasionalinterferencefromMom.C.UltimatelycallswhenMaggieisbusy.D.FrequentcheckonMaggie’sgrades.Now,listentothePartTwooftheinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonPartTwooftheinterview.5.A.Becauseparentsneedtobereadyfornewjobs.B.Becauseparentslovetoreturntocollege.C.Becausekidsrequiretheirparentstodoso.D.Becausekidsfindithardtoadapttocollegelife.6.A.Realestateagent.B.Financier.C.Lawyer.D.Teacher.7.A.Delighted.B.Excited.C.Bored.D.Frustrated.学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版A.Howtomakeacake.B.Howtomakeomelets.C.Toacceptwhatistaught.D.Toplanafuturecareer.1.A.Unsuccessful.B.Gradual.C.Frustrating.D.Passionate.PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION[45MIN]SECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbyfourteenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE(1)Therewasmusicfrommyneighbor’shousethroughthesummernights.Inhisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemothsamongthewhisperingsandthechampagneandthestars.AthightideintheafternoonIwatchedhisguestsdivingfromthetowerofhisraftortakingthesunonthehotsandofhisbeachwhilehistwomotor-boatsslitthewatersoftheSound,drawingaquaplanes（滑水板）overcataractsoffoam.OnweekendsMr.Gatsby’sRolls-Roycebecameanomnibus,bearingpartiestoandfromthecitybetweennineinthemorningandlongpastmidnight,whilehisstationwagonscamperedlikeabriskyellowbugtomeetalltrains.AndonMondayseightservants,includinganextragardener,toiledalldaywithscrubbing-brushesandhammerandgarden-shears,repairingtheravagesofthenightbefore.(2)EveryFridayfivecratesoforangesandlemonsarrivedfromafruitererinNewYork–everyMondaythesesameorangesandlemonslefthisbackdoorinapyramidofpulplesshalves.Therewasamachineinthekitchenwhichcouldextractthejuiceoftwohundredorangesinhalfanhour,ifalittlebuttonwaspressedtwohundredtimesbyabutler’sthumb.(3)AtleastonceafortnightacorpsofcatererscamedownwithseveralhundredfeetofcanvasandenoughcoloredlightstomakeaChristmastreeofGatsby’senormousgarden.Onbuffettables,garnishedwithglisteninghors-d’oeuvre（冷盘）,spicedbakedhamscrowdedagainstsaladsofharlequindesignsandpastrypigsandturkeysbewitchedtoadarkgold.Inthe学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版mainhallabarwitharealbrassrailwassetup,andstockedwithginsandliquorsandwithcordials（加香甜酒）solongforgottenthatmostofhisfemaleguestsweretooyoungtoknowonefromanother.(4)Byseveno’clocktheorchestrahasarrived–nothinfive-pieceaffairbutawholepitfulofoboesandtrombonesandsaxophonesandviolsandcornetsandpiccolosandlowandhighdrums.Thelastswimmershavecomeinfromthebeachnowandaredressingupstairs;thecarsfromNewYorkareparkedfivedeepinthedrive,andalreadythehallsandsalonsandverandasaregaudywithprimarycolorsandhairshorninstrangenewways,andshawlsbeyondthedreamsofCastile.Thebarisinfullswing,andfloatingroundsofcocktailspermeatethegardenoutsideuntiltheairisalivewithchatterandlaughterandcasualinnuendoandintroductionsforgottenonthespotandenthusiasticmeetingsbetweenwomenwhoneverkneweachother’snames.(5)Thelightsgrowbrighterastheearthlurchesawayfromthesunandnowtheorchestraisplayingyellowcocktailmusicandtheoperaofvoicespitchesakeyhigher.Laughteriseasier,minutebyminute,spilledwithprodigality,tippedoutatacheerfulword.(6)Thegroupschangemoreswiftly,swellwithnewarrivals,dissolveandforminthesamebreath–alreadytherearewanderers,confidentgirlswhoweavehereandthereamongthestouterandmorestable,becomeforasharp,joyousmomentthecenterofagroupandthenexcitedwithtriumphglideonthroughthesea-changeoffacesandvoicesandcolorundertheconstantlychanginglight.(7)Suddenlyoneofthesegypsiesintremblingopal,seizesacocktailoutoftheair,dumpsitdownforcourageandmovingherhandslikeFriscodancesoutaloneonthecanvasplatform.Amomentaryhush;theorchestraleadervarieshisrhythmobliginglyforherandthereisaburstofchatterastheerroneousnewsgoesaroundthatsheisGildaGray’sunderstudyfromtheFolies.Thepartyhasbegun.(8)IbelievethatonthefirstnightIwenttoGatsby’shouseIwasoneofthefewguestswhohadactuallybeeninvited.Peoplewerenotinvited–theywentthere.TheygotintoautomobileswhichborethemouttoLongIslandandsomehowtheyendedupatGatsby’sdoor.OncetheretheywereintroducedbysomebodywhoknewGatsby,andafterthattheyconductedthemselvesaccordingtotherulesofbehaviorassociatedwithamusementparks.SometimestheycameandwentwithouthavingmetGatsbyatall,cameforthepartywithasimplicityofheartthatwasitsownticketofadmission.(9)Ihadbeenactuallyinvited.AchauffeurinauniformcrossedmylawnearlythatSaturdaymorningwithasurprisinglyformalnotefromhisemployer–thehonorwouldbeentirelyGatsby’s,itsaid,ifIwouldattendhis“littleparty”thatnight.Hehadseenmeseveraltimesandhadintendedtocallonmelongbeforebutapeculiarcombinationofcircumstanceshadpreventedit–signedJayGatsbyinamajestichand.学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版(10)DressedupinwhiteflannelsIwentovertohislawnalittleaftersevenandwanderedaroundratherill-at-easeamongswirlsandeddiesofpeopleIdidn’tknow–thoughhereandtherewasafaceIhadnoticedonthecommutingtrain.IwasimmediatelystruckbythenumberofyoungEnglishmendottedabout;allwelldressed,alllookingalittlehungryandalltalkinginlowearnestvoicestosolidandprosperousAmericans.Iwassurethattheyweresellingsomething:bondsorinsuranceorautomobiles.Theywere,atleast,agonizinglyawareoftheeasymoneyinthevicinityandconvincedthatitwastheirsforafewwordsintherightkey.(11)AssoonasIarrivedImadeanattempttofindmyhostbutthetwoorthreepeopleofwhomIaskedhiswhereaboutsstaredatmeinsuchanamazedwayanddeniedsovehementlyanyknowledgeofhismovementsthatIslunkoffinthedirectionofthecocktailtable–theonlyplaceinthegardenwhereasinglemancouldlingerwithoutlookingpurposelessandalone.1.ItcanbeinferredformPara.1thatMr.Gatsby______throughthesummer.A.entertainedguestsfromeverywhereeveryweekendB.invitedhisgueststorideinhisRolls-RoyceatweekendsC.likedtoshowoffbylettingguestsrideinhisvehiclesD.indulgedhimselfinpartieswithpeoplefromeverywhere2.InPara.4,theword“permeate”probablymeans______.A.perishB.pushC.penetrateD.perpetrate3.ItcanbeinferredformPara.8that______.A.guestsneedtoknowGatsbyinordertoattendhispartiesB.peoplesomehowendedupinGatsby’shouseasguestsC.GatsbyusuallyheldgardenpartiesforinvitedguestsD.guestsbehavedthemselvesinaratherformalmanner4.AccordingtoPara.10,theauthorfelt______atGatsby’sparty.A.dizzyB.dreadfulC.furiousD.awkward学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版1.WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.11aboutGatsby?A.Hewasnotexpectedtobepresentattheparties.B.Hewasbusyreceivingandentertainingguests.C.Hewasusuallyoutofthehouseattheweekend.D.Hewasunwillingtomeetsomeoftheguests.PASSAGETWO(1)TheTerm“CYBERSPACE”wascoinedbyWilliamGibson,ascience-fictionwriter.Hefirstuseditinashortstoryin1982,andexpandedonitacoupleofyearslaterinanovel,“Neuromancer”,whosemaincharacter,HenryDorsettCase,isatroubledcomputerhackeranddrugaddict.InthebookMrGibsondescribescyberspaceas“aconsensualhallucinationexperienceddailybybillionsoflegitimateoperators”and“agraphicrepresentationofdataabstractedfromthebanksofeverycomputerinthehumansystem.”(2)Hisliterarycreationturnedouttoberemarkablyprescient（有先见之明的）.Cyberspacehasbecomeshorthandforthecomputingdevices,networks,fibre-opticcables,wirelesslinksandotherinfrastructurethatbringtheinternettobillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Themyriadconnectionsforgedbythesetechnologieshavebroughttremendousbenefitstoeveryonewhousesthewebtotapintohumanity’scollectivestoreofknowledgeeveryday.(3)Butthereisadarkersidetothisextraordinaryinvention.Databreachesarebecomingeverbiggerandmorecommon.Lastyearover800mrecordswerelost,mainlythroughsuchattacks.AmongthemostprominentrecentvictimshasbeenTarget,whosechiefexecutive,GreggSteinhafel,stooddownfromhisjobinMay,afewmonthsafterthegiantAmericanretailerrevealedthatonlineintrudershadstolenmillionsofdigitalrecordsaboutitscustomers,includingcredit-anddebit-carddetails.Otherwell-knownfirmssuchasAdobe,atechcompany,andeBay,anonlinemarketplace,havealsobeenhit.(4)Thepotentialdamage,though,extendswellbeyondsuchcommercialincursions.WiderconcernshavebeenraisedbytherevelationsaboutthemasssurveillancecarriedoutbyWesternintelligenceagenciesmadebyEdwardSnowden,acontractortoAmerica’sNationalSecurityAgency(NSA),aswellasbythegrowingnumbersofcyber-warriorsbeingrecruitedbycountriesthatseecyberspaceasanewdomainofwarfare.America’spresident,BarackObama,saidinaWhiteHousepressreleaseearlierthisyearthatcyber-threats“poseoneofthegravestnational-securitydangers”thecountryisfacing.(5)Securingcyberspaceishardbecausethearchitectureoftheinternetwasdesignedtopromoteconnectivity,notsecurity.ItsfoundersfocusedongettingittoworkanddidnotworrymuchaboutthreatsbecausethenetworkwasaffiliatedwithAmerica’smilitary.Ashackersturnedup,layersofsecurity,fromantivirusprogramstofirewalls,wereaddedtotrytokeepthematbay.Gartner,aresearchfirm,reckonsthatlastyearorganizationsaroundtheglobespent$67billiononinformationsecurity.学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版(6)Onthewhole,thesedefenseshaveworkedreasonablywell.Forallthetalkabouttheriskofa“cyber9/11”,theinternethasprovedremarkablyresilient.Hundredsofmillionsofpeopleturnontheircomputerseverydayandbankonline,shopatvirtualstores,swapgossipandphotoswiththeirfriendsonsocialnetworksandsendallkindsofsensitivedataoverthewebwithoutilleffect.Companiesandgovernmentsareshiftingevermoreservicesonline.(7)Butthetaskisbecomingharder.Cyber-security,whichinvolvesprotectingbothdataandpeople,isfacingmultiplethreats,notablycybercrimeandonlineindustrialespionage,bothofwhicharegrowingrapidly.ArecentestimatebytheCentreforStrategicandInternationalStudies(CSIS),putstheannualglobalcostofdigitalcrimeandintellectual-propertytheftat$445billion–asumroughlyequivalenttotheGDPofasmallishrichEuropeancountrysuchasAustria.(8)Toaddtotheworries,thereisalsotheriskofcyber-sabotage.Terroristsoragentsofhostilepowerscouldmountattacksoncompaniesandsystemsthatcontrolvitalpartsofaneconomy,includingpowerstations,electricalgridsandcommunicationsnetworks.Suchattacksarehardtopulloff,butnotimpossible.Oneprecedentisthedestructionin2010ofcentrifuges（离心机）atanuclearfacilityinIranbyacomputerprogramknownasStuxnet.(9)Butsucheventsarerare.Thebiggestday-to-daythreatsfacedbycompaniesandgovernmentagenciescomefromcrooksandspookshopingtostealfinancialdataandtradesecrets.Forexample,smarter,better-organizedhackersaremakinglifetougherforthecyber-defenders,butthereportwillarguethatevensoanumberofthingscanbedonetokeepeveryonesaferthantheyarenow.(10)Oneistoensurethatorganizationsgetthebasicsofcyber-securityright.Alltoooftenbreachesarecausedbysimpleblunders,suchasfailingtoseparatesystemscontainingsensitivedatafromthosethatdonotneedaccesstothem.Companiesalsoneedtogetbetteratanticipatingwhereattacksmaybecomingfromandatadaptingtheirdefencesswiftlyinresponsetonewthreats.Technologycanhelp,ascanindustryinitiativesthatallowfirmstoshareintelligenceaboutriskswitheachother.(11)Thereisalsoaneedtoprovideincentivestoimprovecyber-security,betheycarrotsorsticks.Oneideaistoencourageinternet-serviceproviders,orthecompaniesthatmanageinternetconnections,toshouldermoreresponsibilityforidentifyingandhelpingtocleanupcomputersinfectedwithmalicioussoftware.Anotheristofindwaystoensurethatsoftwaredevelopersproducecodewithfewerflawsinitsothathackershavefewersecurityholestoexploit.(12)Anadditionalreasonforgettingtechcompaniestogiveahigherprioritytosecurityisthatcyberspaceisabouttoundergoanothermassivechange.Overthenextfewyearsbillionsofnewdevices,fromcarstohouseholdappliancesandmedicalequipment,willbefittedwithtinycomputersthatconnectthemtothewebandmakethemmoreuseful.Dubbed“theinternetofthings”,thisisalreadymakingitpossible,forexample,tocontrolhomeappliancesusingsmartphoneappsandtomonitormedicaldevicesremotely.学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版(13)Butunlessthesesystemshaveadequatesecurityprotection,theinternetofthingscouldeasilybecometheinternetofnewthingstobehacked.Plentyofpeopleareeagertotakeadvantageofanyweaknessestheymayspot.Hackingusedtobeaboutgeekycollegekidstappingawayintheirbedroomstoannoytheirelders.Ithasgrownupwithavengeance.1.CyberspaceisdescribedbyWilliamGibsonas______.A.afunctiononlylegitimatecomputeroperatorshaveB.arepresentationofdatafromthehumansystemC.animportantelementstoredinthehumansystemD.anillusionheldbythecommoncomputerusers2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTsummarizesthemeaningofthefirstfourparagraphs?A.Cyberspacehasmorebenefitsthandefects.B.Cyberspaceislikeadouble-edgedsword.C.Cyberspacesymbolizestechnologicaladvance.D.Cyberspacestillremainsasci-finotion.3.AccordingtoPara.5,thedesigningprinciplesoftheinternetandcyberspacesecurityare______.A.controversialB.complimentaryC.contradictoryD.congruent4.Whatcouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?A.CyberCrimeandItsPrevention.B.TheOriginofCyberCrime.C.HowtoDealwithCyberCrime.D.TheDefinitionofCyberCrime.PASSAGETHREE(1)YoushouldtreatskepticallytheloudcriesnowcomingfromcollegesanduniversitiesthatthelastbastionofexcellenceinAmericaneducationisbeingguttedbystatebudgetcutsandmountingcosts.Whateverelseitis,highereducationisnotabastionofexcellence.Itisshotthroughwithwaste,laxacademicstandardsandmediocreteachingandscholarship.学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版(2)True,theeconomicpressures–fromtheIvyLeaguetostatesystems–areintense.Lastyear,nearlytwo-thirdsofschoolshadtomakemidyearspendingcutstostaywithintheirbudgets.Itisalsotrue(asuniversitypresidentsanddeansargue)thatrelievingthosepressuresmerelybyraisingtuitionsandcuttingcourseswillmakemattersworse.Studentswillpaymoreandgetless.Theuniversitypresidentsanddeanswanttobesparedfromfurthergovernmentbudgetcuts.Theircaseisweak.(3)Highereducationisabloatedenterprise.Toomanyprofessorsdotoolittleteachingtotoomanyill-preparedstudents.Costscanbecutandqualityimprovedwithoutreducingthenumberofgraduates.Manycollegesanduniversitiesshouldshrink.Someshouldgooutofbusiness.Consider:lExceptforeliteschools,admissionsstandardsarelow.About70percentoffreshmenatfour-yearcollegesanduniversitiesattendtheirfirst-choiceschools.Roughly20percentgototheirsecondchoices.Mostschoolshaveeagerlyboostedenrollmentstomaximizerevenues(tuitionandstatesubsidies).lDropoutratesarehigh.Halformoreoffreshmendon’tgetdegrees.ArecentstudyofPhDprogramsat10majoruniversitiesalsofoundhighdropoutratesfordoctoralcandidates.lTheattritionamongundergraduatesisparticularlysurprisingbecausecollegestandardshaveapparentlyfallen.Onestudyofseventopschoolsfoundwidespreadgradeinflation.In1963,halfofthestudentsinintroductoryphilosophycoursesgotaB–orworse.By1986,only21percentdid.Ifeliteschoolshaverelaxedstandards,thepracticeisalmostsurelywidespread.lFacultyteachingloadshavefallensteadilysincethe1960s.Inmajoruniversities,seniorfacultymembersoftendolessthantwohoursadayofteaching.Professorsare“socializedtopublish,teachgraduatestudentsandspendaslittletimeteaching(undergraduates)aspossible,”concludesJamesFairweatherofPennStateUniversityinanewstudy.Facultypayconsistentlyrisesasundergraduateteachingloadsdrop.lUniversitieshaveencouragedanalmostmindlessexplosionofgraduatedegrees.Since1960,thenumberofmasters’degreesawardedannuallyhasrisenmorethanfourfoldto337,000.Between1965and1989,theannualnumberofMBAs(mastersinbusinessadministration)jumpedfrom7,600to73,100.(4)Evenso,oursystemhasstrengths.Itboastsmanytop-notchschoolsandallowsalmostanyonetogotocollege.Butmediocrityispervasive.Wepushasmanyfreshmenaspossiblethroughthedoor,regardlessofqualifications.Becausebachelors’degreesaresocommon,wecreatemoregraduatedegreesofdubiousworth.DoesanyonebelievetheMBAexplosionhasimprovedmanagement?学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版(5)Youwon’thearmuchaboutthisfromcollegedeansoruniversitypresidents.Theycreatedthismessandareitsbiggestbeneficiaries.Largeenrollmentssupportlargefaculties.Moregraduatestudentsliberatetenuredfacultyfromundergraduateteachingtoconcentrateonwritingandresearch:thesourceofstatus.RichardHuber,aformercollegedean,writesknowinglyinanewbook(“HowProfessorsPlaytheCatGuardingtheCream:WhyWe’rePayingMoreandGettingLessinHigherEducation”):Presidents,deansandtrustees...callformorerecognitionofgoodteachingwithprizesandsalaryincentives.(6)TherealityisclosertotheexperienceofHarvardUniversity’sdistinguishedpaleontologistStephenJayGould:“Tobeperfectlyhonest,thoughlipserviceisgiventoteaching,Ihaveneverseriouslyheardteachingconsideredinanymeetingforpromotion...Writingisthecurrencyofprestigeandpromotion.”(7)Aboutfour-fifthsofallstudentsattendstate-subsidizedsystems,fromcommunitycollegestoprestigeuniversities.Howgovernorsandstatelegislaturesdealwiththeirbudgetpressureswillbedecisive.Privateschoolswill,forbetterorworse,beinfluencedbystateactions.Thestatesneedtodothreethings.(8)First,creategenuineentrancerequirements.Today’slowstandardstellhighschoolstudents:Youdon’thavetoworkhardtogotocollege.Statesshouldchangethemessagebyraisingtuitionssharplyandcouplingtheincreasewithgenerousscholarshipsbasedonmeritandincome.Togetscholarships,studentswouldhavetopassmeaningfulentranceexams.Ideally,thescholarshipsshouldbeavailableforuseatin-stateprivateschools.Allschoolswouldthencompeteforstudentsonthebasisofacademicqualityandcosts.Today’ssystemofgeneraltuitionsubsidiesprovidesaidtowell-to-dofamiliesthatdon’tneeditortounqualifiedstudentswhodon’tdeserveit.(8)Next,statesshouldraisefacultyteachingloads,mainlyatfour-yearschools.(Teachingloadsatcommunitycollegesarealreadyhigh.)Thiswouldcutcostsandreemphasizetheprimacyofteachingatmostschools.Whatweneedareteacherswhoknowtheirfieldsandcancommunicateenthusiasmtostudents.Notallprofessorscanbepath-breakingscholars.Theexcessiveemphasisonscholarshipgeneratesmanyunreadbooksandmediocrearticlesinacademicjournals.“Youcan’tdomoreofone(research)withoutlessoftheother(teaching),”saysFairweather.“Peopleareworkinghard–it’sjustwherethey’reworking.”(10)Finally,statesshouldreduceoreliminatetheleastusefulgraduateprograms.Journalism(nowdubbed“communications”),businessandeducationareprimecandidates.Alotofwhattheyteachcan–andshould–belearnedonthejob.Ifcollegesanduniversitiesdidabetterjobofteachingundergraduates,therewouldbelessneedforgraduatedegrees.(11)Ourcollegesanduniversitiesneedtoprovideabettereducationtodeservingstudents.Thismaymeansmallerenrollments,butgiventoday’sattritionrates,thenumberofgraduatesneednotdrop.Highereducationcouldbecomeabastionofexcellence,ifwewouldonlytry.学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版1.ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.3thattheauthorwas______towardstheeducation.A.indifferentB.neutralC.positiveD.negative2.ThefollowingarecurrentproblemsfacingallAmericanuniversitiesEXCEPT______.A.highdropoutratesB.lowadmissionstandardsC.lowundergraduateteachingloadsD.explosionofgraduatedegrees3.Inordertoensureteachingquality,theauthorsuggeststhatthestatesdoallthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.setentrancerequirementsB.raisefacultyteachingloadsC.increaseundergraduateprogramsD.reduceuselessgraduateprograms4.“Primecandidates”inPara.10isusedas________.A.euphemismB.metaphorC.analogyD.personification5.Whatistheauthor’smainargumentinthepassage?A.Americaneducationcanremainexcellentbyensuringstatebudget.B.Professorsshouldteachmoreundergraduatesthanpostgraduates.C.Academicstandardarethemainmeanstoensureeducationalquality.D.Americaneducationcanremainexcellentonlybyraisingteachingquality.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSInthissectionthereareeightshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSectionA.AnswereachquestioninNOmorethan10wordsinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版PASSAGEONE1.Fromthedescriptionofthepartypreparation,whatwordscanyouseetodepictGatby’sparty?2.HowdoyousummarizethepartysceneinPara.6?PASSAGETWO3.WhatdothecasesofTarget,AdobeandeBayinPara.3show?4.WhydoestheauthorsaythetaskisbecomingharderinPara.7?5.Whatistheconclusionofthewholepassage?PASSAGETHREE6.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Theircaseisweak”inPara.2?7.Whatdoes“gradeinflation”inPara.3mean?8.WhatdoestheauthormeanwhenhequotesRichardHuberinPara.5?学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE[15MIN]ThepassagecontainsTENerrors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshouldproof-readthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha“∧”signandwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash“/”andputthewordintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.ExampleWhen∧artmuseumwantsanewexhibit,(1)anitneverbuysthingsinfinishedformandhangs(2)neverthemonthewall.Whenanaturalhistorymuseumwantsanexhibition,itmustoftenbuildit.(3)exhibitProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETTHREEasinstructed.学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版PARTIVTRANSLATION[20MIN]TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextfromChineseintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.流逝，表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。“子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫。”他们发现无论是潺潺小溪，还是浩荡大河，都一去不复返，流逝之际青年变成了老翁而绿草转眼就枯黄，很自然有错阴的紧迫感。流逝也许是缓慢的，但无论如何缓慢，对流逝的恐惧使人们必须用“流逝”这个词来时时警戒后人，必须急匆匆地行动，给这个词灌注一种紧张感。学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版PARTVWRITING[45MIN]ThefollowingtwoexcerptsareaboutIceBucketChallenge,anactivityinitiatedtoraisemoneyandawarenessforthediseaseALS(渐冻症).Fromtheexcerpts,youcanfindthattheactivityseemstohaveachievedmuchsuccess,buttherehavealsobeendoubtandcriticism.WriteanarticleofNOLESSTHAN300words,inwhichyoushould:1.summarizethedevelopmentoficebucketchallengeactivity,andthen2.expressyouropiniontowardstheactivity,especiallywhethertheproblemfoundwiththiskindofactivitywillfinallyundermineitsoriginalpurpose.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.WriteyourarticleonANSWERSHEETFOUR.Excerpt1ALSIceBucketChallengeTakesU.S.byStormInthelasttwoweeks,theIceBucketChallenge™hasquiteliterally“soaked”thenation.EveryonefromEthelKennedytoJustinTimberlakehaspouredabucketoficewateroverhisorherheadandchallengedothersdothesameormakeadonationtofightALSwithintwenty-fourhours.BetweenJuly29andtoday,August12,TheALSAssociationandits38chaptershavereceivedanastonishing$4millionindonationscomparedwith$1.12millionduringthesametimeperiodlastyear.TheALSAssociationisincrediblygratefulfortheoutpouringofsupportfromthosepeoplewhohavebeendoused,madeadonation,orboth.“Wehaveneverseenanythinglikethisinthehistoryofthedisease,”saidBarbaraNewhouse,PresidentandCEOofTheALSAssociation.Withonlyabouthalfofthegeneralpublicknowledgeableaboutamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS),theIceBucketChallengeismakingaprofounddifference.SinceJuly29,TheAssociationhaswelcomedmorethan70,000newdonorstothecause.“Whilethemonetarydonationsareabsolutelyincredible,”saidNewhouse,“thevisibilitythatthisdiseaseisgettingasaresultofthechallengeistrulyinvaluable.PeoplewhohaveneverbeforeheardofALSarenowengagedinthefighttofindtreatmentsandacureforALS.”学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版Excerpt2Icebucketchallenge:who’spouringcoldwaterontheidea?Theicebucketchallengehascertainlyraisedawareness.Whetherthat’sprimarilyofthediseaseforwhichitisraisingfundsorthespeedatwhichimagesofswimsuit-cladcelebritieswillgoviralisalong-termquestion.Morepertinentrightnowiswhetherornotthecrazehasreachedatippingpoint.Asitlivedbysocialmedia,sotheicebucketchallengecoulddiebyit.ThestateofCaliforniaiscurrentlyexperiencingoneoftheworstdroughtsonrecord.Sogesturessuchascompaniesdousingtheirstaffenmasseinhundredsofgallonsoficywater,comeacrossmoreaswastefulPRexercisesthancharitablegestures–andarebeingcalledoutassuchonTwitter.TherehasbeenasimilarreactioninChina.Lastweek,protestersindrought-strickenHenanprovinceraisedemptyredbucketsovertheirheads,accompaniedbytheslogan“Henan,pleasesaynototheicebucketchallenge”.China’sministryforcivilaffairs,whilebroadlysupportive,haswarnedcitizensagainstthepractice’s“entertainmentandcommercialtendencies”.Buttherealdampenercouldbetheriskofbodilyharm.Doctorsaroundtheworldhavewarnedofriskstoelderlypeople,expectantmothersandpeoplewithheartconditions.--THEEND--学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版2016年3月英语专业8级考试真题答案PartⅠLISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMINI-LECTURE1.thedialecticalmodel2.commonandfixed3.premises4.opposition/arguing5.argumentsasperformances/therhetoricalmodel6.participating7.convince8.howweargue9.tactics10.negotiationandcollaboration11.they’redeadends12.learningwithlosing13.questions14.achievepositiveeffects15.beself-supportedSECTIONBINTERVIEW1.Whatisthetopicoftheinterview?答案：C.Maggie’sviewonstudyingwithMom.2.Whichofthefollowingindicatesthattheyhavethesamestudyschedule?学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版答案：A.Theytakeexamsinthesameweeks.1.Whatdothemotheranddaughterhaveincommonasstudents?答案：D.Takingnotesbyhand.2.WhatisthebiggestadvantageofstudyingwithMom?答案：D.Encouragement.3.WhatisthebiggestdisadvantageofstudyingwithMom?答案：A.ThinkingofwaystocomfortMom.4.Whyisparentandkidsstudyingtogetheracommoncase?答案：A.Becauseparentsneedtobereadyfornewjobs.5.WhatwouldMaggie’sMomliketobeaftercollege?答案：C.Lawyer.6.HowdoesMaggie’sMomfeelaboutsittinginclassafterthirtyyears?答案：D.Frustrated.7.WhatismostchallengingforMaggie’sMom?答案：C.Toacceptwhatistaught.8.HowdoesMaggiedescribetheprocessofpickingoutone'scareerpath?答案：B.Gradual.PartⅡREADINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONSPASSAGEONE11.ItcanbelearnedfromPara.1thatMr.Gatsbythroughthesummer.答案：[A]entertainedguestsfromeverywhereeveryweekend12.InPara.4,theword“permeate”probablymeans.答案：［C］penetrate13.ItcanbeinferredfromPara.8that.答案：［B］peoplesomehowendedupinGatsby'shouseasguests14.AccordingtoPara.10,theauthorfeltatGatsby’sparty.答案：［D］awkward15.WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.11aboutGatsby?答案：［A］Hewasnotexpectedtobepresentattheparties.PASSAGETWO16.CyberspaceisdescribedbyWilliamGibsonas.答案：［B］arepresentationofdatafromthehumansystem学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版17.WhichofthefollowingstatementsBESTsummarizesthemeaningofthefirstfourparagraphs?答案：［B］Cyberspaceislikeadouble-edgedsword.18.AccordingtoPara.5,thedesigningprinciplesoftheinternetandcyberspacesecurityare.答案：［C］contradictory19.Whatcouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?答案：［A］CyberCrimeandItsPrevention.PASSAGETHREE20.ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.3thattheauthorwastowardshighereducation.答案：［D］negative21.ThefollowingarecurrentproblemsfacingallAmericanuniversitiesEXCEPT.答案：［C］lowundergraduateteachingloads22.Inordertoensureteachingquality,theauthorsuggeststhatthestatesdoallthefollowingEXCEPT.答案：［C］increaseundergraduateprograms23.“Primecandidates”inPara.10isusedas.答案：［D］personification24.Whatistheauthor'smainargumentinthepassage?答案：［C］Academicstandardsarethemainmeanstoensureeducationalquality.SECTIONBSHORT-ANSWERQUESTIONS说明：这部分答案不是唯一，只要意思对了就可以。PASSAGEONE25.Fromthedescriptionofthepartypreparation,whatwordscanyouusetodepictGatsby’sparty?答案：Gorgeous,luxuriousandevenextravagant.26.HowdoyousummarizethepartyscenedescribedinPara.6?答案：Carnivalcrowdswithchanginggroupsandnoisyjubilation.PASSAGETWO27.WhatdothecasesofTarget,AdobeandeBayinPara.3show?答案：Thesevererisksofcommercialincursionsincyberspace.28.WhydoestheauthorsaythatthetaskisbecomingharderinPara.7?答案：Becausethemultiplethreatstocyber-securityaregrowing.29.Whatistheconclusionofthewholepassage?答案：Ashackinggrows,cyber-securityisfacingnewthreats.PASSAGETHREE学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版30.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Theircaseisweak.”inPara.2?答案：It’shardforuniversitiestobesparedfrombudgetcuts.30.31.Whatdoes“gradeinflation”inPara.3mean?答案：Graderepresentsalowerlevelofstudents’performance.32.WhatdoestheauthormeanwhenhequotesRichardHuberinPara.5?答案：Highereducationfailsingivingqualityeducationtostudents.PartIIILANGUAGEUSAGE1.in→over2.∧give→that/which3.differs→differentiates或it→it4.the→the5.same→common6.∧intimate→and7.it→which8.than→than9.base→preserve10.furthermore→thereforePartIVTRANSLATION参考译文Theyhavefoundthattheflowingwater,eitheramurmuringstreamoramightyriver,passesquicklyandneverreturns.Withthepassageoftime,theyoungbecometheoldandthegreengrassturnsyellow.Peoplenaturallyhaveasenseofurgencytovalueeverybitoftime.Astimegoesby,nomatterhowslowlyitelapses,peoplealwaysusetheword“liushi”towarnthelatergenerationsforfearoftime’sflowingaway.Theytelltheirdescendantstotreasureeverysingleminuteandmakeahurriedaction,whichaddsasenseoftensiontotheword.PartVWRITING参考范文ChallengeorNotRecently,theIceBucketChallengehasgoneviralallovertheworld,particularlyintheUnitedStates,withpeoplepostingvideosofthemselvesonlineandonTVparticipatinginthe学习好帮手 WORD格式整理版event.DespitetheincreaseofthedonationtofightALSandmorepublicconcern,someareworriedabouttheproblemsfoundwiththiskindofactivities.WhatIhaveseenisthattheyhavebeeninsertedasenseofentertainment.Personally,Iproposethatcharitableactivities,ifinsertedwithtoomuchentertainingelements,willprobablydepartfromtheiroriginalintentions.Thischaritableblockbuster,luringhundredsofcelebrities,politiciansandathletes,hassparkedmillionsofdonationstoALSresearchandraisedawarenessofthedisease.However,thereareworriesanddifferentvoicestowardsit.Environmentalistsareconcernedaboutthewasteofwateronthenationallevel,whiledoctorswarnpeopleoftherisksofbeingpouredbyicywaterfromtheperspectiveofhealth.Ontheonehand,wehaveobservedthattheALSIceBucketChallengehasrubbedsomepeoplethewrongway,especiallyasparticipantsgetcaughtupintheactofmakingvideosratherthanfocusingontheessenceofthecharityitself.ItissaidthatwhenBarackHusseinObamatookthechallenge,thecurrentAmericanpresidentchosetomakeadonationof100dollarsratherthanpouringtheicywateroverhishead.Ontheotherhand,theoriginalpurposeofthisactivityistoprovideaidandsupportforpatientssufferingfromthedisease.Accordingly,whatweshouldfocusoniswhethertheALSassociationbeginsimmediatefundingforfamiliesindesperateneedofhomehealthcareservicesandothercare-relatedservices.Asamatteroffact,afteramonthinthespotlight,themuch-hypedALSIceBucketChallengeisfinallystartingtoshowsignsofcoolingdown.Mostthingsinmoderationarehealthyandlasting,andcharitableactivitiesarenodifferent.Weshouldalwaysbearthecoreofcharityinmind:beingadutifulcitizen.学习好帮手