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1、英语定语从句用法详解在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从旬,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。1.由who引导的定语从句中,who用作主语,如:Thisistheboywhooftenhelpsme.2.由whom引导的定语从句中,whom用作宾语,如:Themanwhomyouarewaitingforhasgonehome.3.由whose引导的定语从句中,whose丿IJ作定
2、语,如1:Doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite?4.由which引导的定语从句中,which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语,如:Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.Theriverwhichisinfrontofmyhouseisveryclean.Thisisthepenwhichyouwant.注意:(1)whom,which用作介词宾语时,介词口J放在whom>whichZ前,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组屮,介词只能放在原来的位
3、置上c如:Heistheverypersonwhomwemusttakegoodcareof.(2)引导非限制性定语从句时,必须川关系代词which,不川that,in:Ihavelostmybag,whichIlikeverymuch.(3)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。5.由that引导的定语从句中,thatnJ以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:ThebookthatIboughtyesterdaywaswrittenbyLuXun.注意在下面几种情况
4、下必须用that引导定语从句。(1)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等,如:AllthatwchavetodoistopractiseEnglish.(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如[Thefirstletterlthat1gotfromhimwillbekept.(3)先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰,女FlI'veeatenupall(hefoodthatyougaveme.(4)先行词被th
5、eonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时如HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkwith.(5)先行词既有人乂有物时,如:Theytalkedaboutpersonsandthingsthattheymet.⑹当旬中已冇who时,为避免重复,如:Whoisthemanthatisgivingustheclass?6.由when,where,why引导的定语从句,如:Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisistheplacewherewehavelivedf
6、or5years.IllneverforgetthedaywhenImetMrLiforthefirsttime.注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。ThisisthehouseWhich/thathehaslivedinfor15years.(Wherehehaslivedfor15year.)1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句Z间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从彳U的关系代词冇who
7、,whom,whose,which,ofwhich等,这些关系代词都不能省略。⑵非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从心,不影响主句意思的完整,一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,关系代词用which,不用that;指人时可用who,如:Ihavetwobrothers,whoarcbothstudents.2.如何简化定语从句(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如:Mygrandfatherlivesinavillagethatisfarawayfromhere.fMygrandfatherlivesinavill
8、agefarawayfromhere.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村了。Thisisabookthatisworthreading.—Thisisabookworthreading.这是本值得看