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1、溶液溶胶法制备纳米材料综述摘要:本文前言首先介绍了纳米材料的定义,分类,结构和主要性能。纳米材料大致可分为纳米粉末、纳米纤维、纳米膜、纳米块体和纳米复合材料等五类。正文接着介绍了纳米材料的制备方法。纳米材料的制备目前有3种分类方法。第1种是根据制备原料状态分为固相法、液相法及气相法。第2种按反应物状态分为干法和湿法。第3种分为物理法、化学法和综合法。本文采用第3种分类方法介绍纳米材料的制备,重点介绍物理法和化学法。最后向大家展示了溶液溶胶法制备常见的纳米材料,文章的最后又就纳米材料的发展前景做了简单的介绍。关键词:纳米材料;纳米纤维;
2、气相沉积法;溶液溶胶法PreparationofsolsolutionsynthesisofnanomaterialsAbstract:Nano-structuralmaterialsreferredtoasnano-materials(nanomaterial),itsstructureisthecellsizebetween1nanometerto100nanometerrange.Becauseitisclosetothesizeofthecoherencelengthofelectron,itisbecauseofthenat
3、ureofcoherencebroughtaboutbystrongself-organizingnatureofthegreatchangesmade.Inaddition,itsscaleisclosetothewavelengthoflight,coupledwithitslargesurfaceofthespecialeffects,sotheirperformancecharacteristics,suchasmeltingpoint,magnetic,optical,thermalconductivity,electric
4、alproperties,etc.,areoftendifferentfromthematerialintheoverallstatethenatureoftheperformance.Thisarticlefirstintroducedthedefinitionofnano-materials,classification,structureandperformance.Nano-materialscanbebroadlydividedintonano・powders,nano-fibers,nano・films,nano-bloc
5、ksandfivetypesofnanocompositematerials.Thenpresentedthepreparationofnano-materials.Preparationofnano-materialstherearethreekindsofclassificationmethods.No.1kindsofrawmaterialsisbasedonthestateofthepreparationisdividedintosolid-phasemethod,liquidandgaslaw.Thefirsttwokind
6、sofstatebythereactionisdividedintodryandwet.Sectionisdividedintothreekindsofphysical,chemicalandsyntheticmethod・Inthispaper,thefirsttointroducethreekindsofclassificationofnano-materialspreparation,focusingonphysicalandchemicalmethods.Finally,weshowthesolutiontothesolpre
7、parednanomaterialscommon,thelastarticleontheprospectsforthedevelopmentofnanoaterialshavedoneabriefKeywords:Nano-materials;nano-fiber;vapordeposition;solutionsolmethod纳米颗粒材料又称为超微颗粒材料,由纳米粒子(nanoparticle)组成。纳米粒子也叫超微颗粒,一般是指尺寸在1〜lOOnm间的粒子,是处在原子簇和宏观物体交界的过渡区域,从通常的关于微观和宏观的观点看,这
8、样的系统既非典型的微观系统亦非典型的宏观系统,是一种典型的介观系统,它具有表面效应、小尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应。当人们将宏观物体细分成超微颗粒(纳米级)后,它将显示出许多奇异的特性,即它的光学、热学、电学、磁学、力学以