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1、.时态与语态一．一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作和状态，常见的时间状语包括sometimes,often,usually,always，occasionally,nowandthen,onweekends,onSundays,everyweek/month/year等Shealwaystakesawalkintheevening.Heoftendoeshishomeworkinhisstudy.1.一般现在时表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象和谚语格言中，此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时。Themoongoesaroundtheearth.Prid
2、egoesbeforeafall.骄者必败Hesaidtheearthisround.2.主句是一般将来时,由when，after,before,assoonas,theminute,whenever等引导的时间状语和由if,unless,solongas,once等引导的条件状语和however,evenif等引导的让步状语从句中一般用一般现在时表示将来。如：l’llgothereafterIfinishmywork. Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgothere.Iwilltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.Eveni
3、fitrainstomorrow,thesportsmeetingwilltakeplace.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Therecomesthebus.汽车来了。Hereshecomes.她来了。4.Butforthefactthat…从句中，that从句的谓语动词时态要根据句子谓语所表示的时间而定。Butforthefactthatheisbusynow,hewouldbehere.Butforthefactthatyouwereill,Iwo
4、uldhavehadyouprintthepapers.二、一般过去时 表示过去的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态或者某个人过去的经历，与现在无关，常用的时间状语有yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday,anhourago,theotherday,lastmonth/year,justnow,in1982,intheolddays,inthepast,whenIwasyoung,whenIwasinLondon,whenIwasachild等Ireceivedtwoletterslastweek.TheOlympicGameswereheld
5、inBeijingin2008.WhenIwasinBeijing,IoftenwenttoBeijinguniversity.1.表示某人过去的经历1)----Haveyougraduatedfromtheuniversity?-----Yes,IlearnedEnglishfor4yearsintheuniversity.2)----Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?......-----Yes,I________(finish)itwithinhaldanhour.3)I______(be)inLondonfor10years,butI
6、haveneverregrettedreturningtoChina.2.intend,wonder,think,realize等用过去时，表示说话人原来没有料到，打算，想到等Ithoughtyouwereastudent.Ididn’tthink/realizeyoufailedagain.Ididn’tintendtohurtyou.3.usedtodosth/woulddosth过去常常做某事Weusedtospendourvacationinthemountains4.句型1）.Itis(high)timesbdidsth/Itistimethatsbsh
7、oulddosth.某人该干某事了。Itistimeyouwenttobed.2).Wouldrathersbdidsth宁愿某人做某事，用于对现在和将来时间的虚拟。Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow/now.3).Would/should/oughtto/could/might/needn’t/wouldliketohavedonesth,but…句型中，but后面的谓语动词需用一般过去时或过去进行时。a.Heshouldhaveturnedupbuthehadanunexpectedvisitor.b.---Didyouattendthep
8、arty?
