实验室致癌物质和诱发畸变物质

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1、HAZARDOUSSUBSTANCES(TOXIC,DANGEROUS,CARCINOGENIC,ANDMUTAGENIC/TERATOGENIC)有害物质(有毒的、危险的、致癌的、导致体内突变或者畸变的物质)1.TOXICSUBSTANCES（有毒物质）Anyvolatilesubstanceswhicharedangerouswheninhaledmustbehandledonlyinanadequatelyventilatedareaorinafumehood.严格的讲，任何可挥发性、吸入时有害的药品，都必须在

2、通风性好的地方或者是通风橱中处理。a)Benzene：Benzeneisparticularlydangeroussinceitcausesblooddiseases.Avoidusingitasasolvent.Chronicpoisoningispossiblefollowing.prolongedinhalationofminutequantitiesofbenzene.Avoidskincontact.Itisaknowncarcinogen.避免用苯作溶剂，避免皮肤接触，它是已知的致癌物质之一。有害物质b)

3、CarbontetrachlorideandchloroformCarbontetrachlorideandchloroformhavespecificdangers:Theycanbeabsorbedthroughtheskin.Thesesubstancescaneventuallycausefunctionaldisordersofthekidneyandtheliverevenatlowconcentrations.Theyaresuspectedcarcinogens.CCl4和CHCl3在很低的浓度下就容

4、易引起肾和肝脏的失调，并且它们也是被怀疑为可致癌的物质之一。有害物质c)CyanidesandNitrilesCyanidesandNitrilesaresomeofthemostacutelytoxicsubstancesknown;theyreactveryquickly“invivo”whentheyarepresentintheambientenvironment.Symptomsofpoisoning(weakness,difficultyinbreathing,nausea)appearassoonast

5、hesesubstanceshavebeenabsorbed,inhaled,oringested.Contactwithacidliberatesahighlytoxicgas.Theinhalationofaveryminuteamountofhydrogencyanide(HCN)canbefatal.氰化物和氰是已知最毒的物质之一，氰化物在体内反应很快，中毒的症状表现为虚弱、呼吸困难、恶心，而且当你吸入或者咽下以后症状出现很快。与酸性物质接触以后放出高毒性的气体(HCN)，吸入一定在数分钟内将会死亡。有害物质

6、d)PhenolsSolutionsofphenolsareverydangerous.Phenolsareabsorbedrapidlythroughtheskinduringcontact.Ifrapidandcompletedecontaminationisnoteffectedimmediately,seriouspoisoningandevendeathcouldoccur,dependingontheconcentrationofthesolventandtheamountofbodysurfacetha

7、tiscontaminated.苯酚很溶液通过皮肤渗入，如果没有及时的清洗，严重中毒或者死亡都可能发生。有害物质e)HydrogenfluorideHydrogenfluorideisextremelycorrosive.Duetotheabsenceofimmediatepain,penetrationcanbeextensiveandleadtoseriousinjury.Itcancausesevereeyeirritationandskinburns.HF酸，有很强烈的腐蚀性，不是马上就能感觉到疼痛，所以它很

8、容易扩散开，导致皮肤和眼睛的受伤。有害物质f)HydrogensulfideHydrogensulfideisverytoxic.Inhalationcausesrespiratoryparalysis.Itcanalsodamagetheeyesandmucousmembranes.Smallcylindersofitarecommercia