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1、1.被动语态1.基本结构1)am/is/are+done(过去分词｝一般现在时例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2)has/havebeendone现在完成时例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.4)was/weredone一般过去时例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldreject
2、theoffer.5)hadbeendone过去完成时例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7)shall/willbedone一般将来时例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8)should/wouldbedone过去将来时例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasita
3、rrived.9)shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时(少用)例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带惜态动词的被动结构。其形式为：惜态动词+be+过去分词。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette
4、.4)在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后而不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式tO要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加t(K例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday
5、.3.Itissaidthat+从句及其•他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“lt+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat…据说,11isreportedthat…据报道，11isbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。例Itissa
6、idthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)4.以下不能使用被动语态l.break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read，write,wash等例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.2.happen,Iast,takepiace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引
7、出来的呢?1.feel,sound,taste,book,feelmYourreasonsoundsreasonable定语从句.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Whowhichthat宾语Whomwhichthat例1：ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.例2：Thebookwhich1amreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.例3:Th
