《存在主义与文学》ppt课件

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1、存在主義與文學董崇選中山醫大應用外語系教授「懂更懂學習英文網站」負責人網址：http://dgdel.nchu.edu.tw一、哲學與文學：Philosophyistherationalinvestigationofthetruthsandprinciplesofbeing,knowledge,orconduct.Logic,ethics,aesthetics,epistemology,metaphysics(ontology,cosmology),etc.Literatureiswritingregardedashavingpermanentworththrough

2、itsintrinsicexcellence.Poetry,drama,fiction,prose.哲學是抽象推理論說的文學，文學是具体展示例証的哲學。二、存在主義的哲學：A.BasicIdeas:Existenceprecedesessence.存在先於本質。Existenceisabsurd.存在是荒謬的。Surd(無理根):無定值、無精確答案Essenceistheresultoffreechoice.本質為自由抉擇之結果。KierkegaardB.MainExistentialists:Kierkegaard(齊克果):Aworldwithoutpreexis

3、tingtruths,values,orgenerallaws.原本無真理、價值、通則定律Truthasinnercommitment(truth=faith).Subjectivityistruth,andtruthissubjectivity.Choicebetweenestheticandethicalwaysoflife.(Either/Or)美或善Godasthemythic,eternalrealityforfaith.“leaptofaith”or“leapoffaith”knightoffaithHeidegger2.Heidegger&Jaspers

4、:Heidegger(海德格)：Dasein:“beingthere,”“existence,”“beingintheworld”“thrownintotheworld”beingasfiniteandtransientintime丟在、有限、短暫(BeingandTime)Angst:“beingfordeath,”nothingness,焦慮activeparticipationJaspers2.Heidegger&Jaspers:Jaspers(雅斯柏斯):World-theoriesashumanresponses世界觀(PsychologyofWorldVi

5、ews)Thethreemethods:scientific,existentialist,metaphysical科學、人生、玄界(Philosophy)Seekingtruthinnature,inhumancommunication,orin“theonebeing”(“TheAbsolute,”“God”)Sartre三、存在主義的文學：1.Sartre(沙特):BeingandNothingness(論文):Formanexistenceprecedesessence.Beingisobjective,andexistencehasasubjectivequ

6、ality.Being-in-itselfvs.Being-for-itselfTheFlies(劇本):OresteskillsAegistheustoteachhispeopletobefreeandresponsible,takingwithhimthecrowdofrepulsiveflies.1.Sartre(沙特):Nausea(小說):Roquentinrecordstheprocessofhis“nausea”(噁心)aboutthefactthatthingsandpeoplecannothelpexisting,andyetthereis“abso

7、lutelynoreasonforexisting.”存在無理卻存在NoExit(獨幕劇):Garcin,Estele,Inesabareroom/Hell沒有出口meaninglessrepetition無意義的重複Camus2.Camus(卡繆):TheStranger異鄉人(小說):Meursaultdoesnotmournforhismother’sdeath,killsanArab,andrejectsaclergyman’spreaching.Hefeelsheis“thestranger”intheworld.TheMythofSisy