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1、尾矿地林业生态治理示范韩勇1，段军浩1，张保军2，陈阿敏1（1杨凌（周至）现代植物培育引种示范园，陕西周至710400；2西北农林科技大学，陕西杨凌712100）摘要：陕西马鞍桥生态矿业有限公司建矿14年来，每年排放尾矿20万t，现已排放300多万t，占地面积33.3hm2，污染周边环境，每年还要支付20多万元的租赁费、保护费，数量庞大而且不断增长的尾矿已成为制约企业可持续发展、危及周边生态环境的重要因素。2004—2005年投资300多万元，采用土地复垦工程和大绿工程措施，对20hm2尾矿地进行林业生态治理示范。共计栽植绿化苗木和草花51万株，使尾矿复垦率达到了60%，初步建成立体林业生
2、态体系，通过对该体系内土壤、植物和水质污染重金属汞、铅、镉、砷、氰化物进行检测，掌握了污染物重金属的影响规律，对人畜没有直接影响。年收入55500元/hm2，复垦20hm2，年产值可达100万元以上。取得了显著的经济效益，实现了尾矿复垦利用规划目标，改善了生态环境，创建了黄金矿山与生态农业有机结合的企业模式。关键词：尾矿地；复垦利用；生态治理中图分类号：S68文献标识码：AExampleonEcologicalForestryManagementofTailingsHanYong1,DuanJunhao1,ZhangBaojun2,ChenAmin1(1Yangling〈Zhouzhi〉I
3、ntroductionandBreedingofModernPlantDemonstrationGarden,Zhouzhi710400;2NorthwestA＆FUniversity,ShaanxiYangling712100)Abstract:TheShaanxiMaanqiaoecologyminingindustrylimitedcompanyconstructstheorefor14years,dischargestailings200,000teveryyear,alreadydischarged3,000,000t,stackarea33.3hm2,italsohaspoll
4、utedtheperipheralenvironment.Rentalandtheexpenseofmanages200,000Yuaneveryyearwaspadded.Thehugenumberoftailingswhichmoreovergrewunceasinglyhasbecometheimportantfactorsthatrestrictionenterprisesustainabledevelopmentandendangerstheperipheralecologicalenvironment.In2004-2005year,3millionYuaninthemodel
5、researchofecologicalforestrymanagementoftailingstothe20hm2tailingsbyadoptedthemeasureoflandreclamationprojectsandtheGreenProjectwasinvested.Greenplantsandflowers510,000inallwasplanted,andenabledthetailingsreclamationratetoachieve60%,athree-dimensionalforestryecologysystemcompletedinitially;meanwhi
6、lecarriedonthetesttothepollutionheavymetals:Hg,Pb,Cd,As,cyanideofthreeindicators:thesoil,plantsandwater;wehavegraspedtheinfluencerulethateachindicatorsofpollutantheavymetal,ithasnotcausedadirectinfluencetothehumanandlivestock;eachhm2receives55,500Yuaneveryyear,reclaims20hm2,theannualproductionmaya
7、mounttoabove1,000,000Yuan,bothhasobtainedtheremarkableeconomicefficiency,realizethereclamationuseplangoaloftailingsaheadoftime,andimprovedtheecologicalenvironment,foundedthegoldmineandtheecologicalagricultureorga
