reporting英语四六级雅思托福考研gre高考gmat大小作文宝典策略技巧范文模板

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1、Reporting-paraphrase，summary&synthesisParaphraseParaphrasingiswritingtheideasofanotherpersoninyourownwords.Paraphrasingisusefulwhenyouareusingtheworkofotherstosupportyourownview.SeeRhetoricalfunctionsinacademicwriting:ProvidingsupportWhenparaphrasing，youneedtochangethewordsandthestructurebut

2、keepthemeaningthesame.Pleaseremember,though,thatevenwhenyouparaphrasesomeone’swork,youmustacknowledgeit.SeeCitation.Lookatthisexample:SourceIthaslongbeenknownthatCairoisthemostpopulouscityonearth,butno-oneknewexactlyhowpopulousitwasuntillastmonth.ParaphraseAlthoughCairohasbeentheworld’smosth

3、eavilypopulatedcityformanyyears，theprecisepopulationwasnotknownuntilfourweeksago.Thefollowingstagesmaybeuseful:1.Readandunderstandthetext.2.Makealistofthemainideas.a.Findtheimportantideas-theimportantwords/phrases.Insomewaymarkthem-writethemdown，underlineorhighlightthem.b.Findalternativeword

4、s/synonymsforthesewords/phrases-donotchangespecialisedvocabularyandcommonwords.3.Changethestructureofthetext.a.Identifythemeaningrelationshipsbetweenthewords/ideas-e.g.cause/effect，generalisation，contrast.LookatParagraphs:Signallingformoreinformation.b.Expresstheserelationshipsinadifferentwa

5、y.c.Changethegrammarofthetext:changenounstoverbs，adjectivestoadverbs，etc.，breakuplongsentences，combineshortsentences.4.Rewritethemainideasincompletesentences.Combineyournotesintoapieceofcontinuouswriting.1.Checkyourwork.a.Makesurethemeaningisthesame.b.Makesurethelengthisthesame.c.Makesurethe

6、styleisyourown.d.Remembertoacknowledgeotherpeople’swork.1•Readandunderstandthetext.SeeReading:Strategiesforhelphere.2.Findtheimportantideas,writedowntheimportantwords/phrasesandfindalternativewords，orsynonyms.Keepspecialisedvocabularyandcommonwords.Examples:a.PaulEkmanfromtheUniversityofCali

7、forniahasconductedalongseriesofexperimentsonhownonverbalbehaviourmayrevealrealinnerstates.PaulEkmanwhoworksattheUniversityofCaliforniahasperformedasequenceofinvestigationsonthewaynonverbalbehaviourmaydiscloserealinternalconditions.b.Therearereckone