《工程地质》第三章——地下水岩溶水库渗漏分析

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1、工程地质学地下水岩溶地下水对工程的影响水库渗漏地质条件分析GroundwaterandgeologyGroundwaterisalsoimportantquiteapartfromitsvalueasaresourceoritscloseconnectionwithsurfacewatersupplies.Engineersmustconsidergroundwaterwhenplanningalmostanykindofstructure,eitheraboveorbelowtheground.Ignoringtheeffectofgroundwateronslopestabilitycan

2、bebothcostlyanddangerous.Geologistsseegroundwaterasamajorforceingeologicalchange.Thefluidpressuresexertedbygroundwater,forexample,playanimportantroleintheoccurrenceofearthquakes.Geologistsalsoknowthatthemovementofwaterthroughundergroundgeologicformationscontrolsthemigrationandtheaccumulationofpetrol

3、eumandtheformationofsomeoredeposits.GroundwaterandengineeringGroundwatercanalsohavedramaticimplicationsforengineeringandgeotechnicalstudies.Thestudyofgroundwaterisessentialforengineerswhoconstructdams,tunnels,waterconveyancechannels,mines,andotherstructures.Groundwatermustbeconsideredwheneverthestab

4、ilityofslopesisimportant,whethertheslopeisnaturalorconstructed.Groundwatermustalsobetakenintoaccountwhendevisingmeasurestocontrolflooding.Inallofthesesituations,groundwaterflowandfluidpressurecancreateseriousgeotechnicalproblems.Groundwater,forexample,maycreatestructuralweaknessesindams,oritmayflowu

5、ndergroundrightaroundthestructureasitdidattheJeromeDaminIdaho.Waterflowedsoefficientlythroughtherockformationssurroundingthereservoirthatthedamwouldholdnowater,eventhoughitwasstructurallysound.Inanothercase,whengeologicalexplorationwasbeingcarriedoutinpreparationfortheconstructionoftheRevelstokeDami

6、nBritishColumbia,geologistsandengineerswereconcernedaboutanoldlandslideonthebankoftheproposedreservoir.Theysuspectedthatthewaterheldinthereservoircouldincreasegroundwaterpressuresenoughtomaketheslideunstable.Thesolutionwastoincreasedrainagearoundtheslidetoensurethatgroundwaterpressuresdidnotincrease

7、.In1963,thesesameconditionsattheVaiontreservoirinItalycausedaslidewhichkilled2500people.Otherproblemsresultfromtheexcessiveuseofgroundwater.Overdraftingoccurswhenpeopledrawwateroutofanaquiferfastertha