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1、河南理工大学10级电气工程及自动化专业本科《英语2》考前辅导郑留安2010-10-16一、Definition1、consonantcluster:Aconsonantclusterisagroup（一组的）orsequenceof(连续的)consonantsthatappeartogetherinasyllablewithoutavowelbetweenthem.Whatisaconsonantcluster?Definition:Aconsonantclusterisagroup（一组的）orsequenceof(连续的)conso
2、nantsthatappeartogetherinasyllablewithoutavowelbetweenthem.Inthewordchat,theletterscandhappearcontiguouslybutarenotaconsonantcluster,eventhoughbothareseparateconsonantsinothercontexts(cat;hat).Inthisinstance,chisadigraph（二合字母（代表一个单音的两个字母,如sheaf中sh）becausethechsequencerepr
3、esentsasinglesoundintheunderlyingEnglishsoundsystem.Examples：Herearesomeexamplesofconsonantclusters:/sp/and/ts/inthewordspots/spr/inthewordsprayExercises:p83-5,1-62、nasalplosion（鼻腔爆破）：Thereleaseofaplosivebyloweringthesoftpalatesothatairescapesthroughthenose,asattheendofth
4、ewordsHidden,sadden,sudden,leaden.When/t/or/d/isfollowedby/n/,(asinbutton/"bVtn/andgarden/"ga:dn/),theexplosionoftheplosivetakesplacethroughthenose.NasalPlosion（鼻腔爆破）3、lateralplosion（舌边爆破）：Thereleaseofaplosivebyloweringthesidesofthetongue,asattheendofthewordsaddle.When/t/
5、or/d/isfollowedby/l/,(asinlittle/"litl/andmiddle/"midl/),thetongue-tipremainsontheridgeoftheupperfrontteeth,butoneorbothsidesofthetonguearesuddenlyloweredsothatthebreathpassesoutwithlateralplosion.LateralPlosion（舌边爆破）4、aninitialconsonantcluster：Whentwoorthreeormoreplosive
6、sgettogetheratthebeginningofaword.Wecallitaninitialconsonantcluster.GreatSpring5、missingexplosion：Whentwoplosivesmeettogetherwithinaword.Thefirstonedoesn’texplode.Justholdtheairandleavethetimeforthesound.Act6、fricatives：fricativeconsonantsarethesoundsintheproductionofwhic
7、hthelungspushairthroughanarrowopeningwhereitcausesfrictionsofvariouskinds.二、passageAmericansthinkagreatdealabouttime.Theyconstantlyrefertotimeandthevalueofkeepingbusy.Fromchildhood,theylearntovaluetime,andtheirlanguagereflectsthispreoccupationwithit.Aschildren,theyaretaug
8、httobeontimeforeventsandtodoworkontime.Theylearnthatthepriceofcommittingacrimeistodotimeinprison
