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1、TheAralSeaOutlineTheAralSeaLocationEarlyDaysShrinkageCauseEffectSolutionLocationTheAralSeaisasalinebasininCentralAsiaanditliesbetweenKazakhstaninthenorthandUzbekistaninthesouth.Thenameroughlytranslatesas"SeaofIslands",referringtomorethan1,500islandsthatoncedotteditswaters.EarlyDaysOnceamongth
2、efourlargestlakesoftheworldwithanareaof68,000squarekilometers,TheAralSeawasespeciallyprosperousinitsfishingindustry.ShrinkageTheAralSeahasbeensteadilyshrinkingsincethe1960saftertheriversthatfeditweredivertedbySovietUnionirrigationprojects.By2007ithaddeclinedto10%ofitsoriginalsize,splittingint
3、othreelakes–theNorthAralSeaandtheeasternandwesternbasinsoftheoncefarlargerSouthAralSea.By2009,thesouth-easternlakehaddisappearedandthesouthwesternlakeretreatedtoathinstripattheextremewestoftheformersouthernsea.ThemaximumdepthoftheNorthAralSeais42meters.CauseIn1918,theSovietgovernmentdecidedth
4、atthetworiversthatfedtheAralSea,theAmuDaryainthesouthandtheSyrDaryainthenortheast,wouldbedivertedtoirrigatethedesert,inordertoattempttogrowrice,melons,cereals,andcotton.30millionroubles(苏联卢布)wasspentonthescheme,andLenin(列宁)saidthat"Irrigationwilldomorethananythingelsetorevivetheareaandregener
5、ateit,burythepastandmakethetransitiontosocialismmorecertain“.ThiswaspartoftheSovietplanforcotton,or"whitegold",tobecomeamajorexport.Thisdideventuallyendupbecomingthecase,andtodayUzbekistanisoneoftheworld'slargestexportersofcotton.Actually,thedisappearanceofthelakewasnosurprisetotheSovietsandt
6、heyexpectedittohappenlongbefore.Asearlyasin1964,AleksandrAsarinattheHydroprojectInstitute(水利工程学院)pointedoutthatthelakewasdoomedexplaining,“Itwaspartofthefive-yearplans,approvedbythecouncilofministersandthePolitburo（政治局）.Nobodyonalowerlevelwoulddaretosayawordcontradictingthoseplans,evenifitwas
7、thefateoftheAralSea."Effectenvironment,economy,publichealthTheecosystemoftheAralSeaandtheriverdeltasfeedingintoithasbeennearlydestroyed,notleastbecauseofthemuchhighersalinity.Therecedingseahaslefthugeplainscoveredwithsaltandtoxicchemicals–the
