情态动词用法总结

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情态动词用法 情态动词的语法特征2)情态动词不能单独做谓语,后面只能接动词原形，oughtto和haveto除外，。3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,但有些情态动词,如can、will、haveto、may等有过去式。1）情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。 1)Someofuscanusethecomputernow,butwecouldn’tlastyear.2)Canshebeinthecomputercenter?3)Ithoughwhathesaidcouldnotbetrue.4)Can/CouldIuseyourdictionary?5)Couldyoulendmeahand?1.表能力,意为“能，能够”，can指现在，could指过去。3.表示“请求”“允许”(表请求时，口语中常用could代替can使语气更委婉，回答时用can)2.表示推测，意为“可能”“或许”，用于疑问句或否定句，can’t和couldn’t意为“不可能”。1.can与could 4.can用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、不相信等，意思是“可能、能够”。6)Howcanyoubelievesuchaliarlikehim?5.can’t/couldn’thavedone表示对过去情况的否定推测,意为“过去不可能做过某事”7)Susancan’thavewrittenareportlikethis.8)Shecan’thavegonetoschool,itisSunday.6.can/couldhavedone表对过去的推测，意为“过去可能做了某事”。couldhavedone还可以表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，意为“本能够做某事可事实上未做”9）It’sapity.Yourclasscouldhavegotthefirstprize.10）WherecanMaryhavegone? can表示“能够”时与短语beableto同义，但can只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后者可用于各种时态。另外，can表示个人有某种能力，而beableto表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于succeedindoingsth.；can/beableto Michael____beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may2.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How____itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must3.----IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.----Oh,didyou?You____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayedMysistermethimattheGrandTheateryesterdayafternoon,sohe____yourlecture.A.couldn’thaveattendedB.needn’thaveattendedC.mustn’thaveattendedD.shouldn’thaveattendedBAAA 5.There’ssomeoneoutside.Who____itbe?A.canB.needC.mayD.must6.----IsJackondutytoday?----It____behim.It’shisturntomorrow.A.mustn’tB.won’tC.can’tD.needn’t7.Itisusuallywarminmyhometown,butit____berathercoldsometimes.A.canB.needC.dareD.must8.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquickly,buteveryone_______getaway.A.wereabletoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.couldACAC 2.may与might1.表示“许可”或“请求”，有“可以”的意思，口语中常用might代may,表示委婉语气。否定回答时用“mustnot”表“禁止，阻止”，不用“maynot”.“maynot”表示“可能不”。Eg:1)---MayIwatchTVaftersupper?---Yes,youmay./No,youmustn’t.2)TodayisSunday.Shemaynotinherofficenow.2.表示可能性。意为“或许，可能”might比may可能性小。Eg:1)Thegirlmightbesleepingthistimeofday.2)Theymaybeinthelibrarynow. 4.may/mightaswell+动词原形“…还是…的好”“不妨干某事”Eg:Youmayaswellgoandhavealook.3.may/mighthavedone表示对过去发生过的事情的推测，意为“可能已经做过某事”Eg:Ican’tfindmysunglasses.Imay/mighthavelefttheminyouroffice. 1.SorryI'mlate.I_____haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will2.Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.willAB 3.will与would1.用于第二人称的疑问句中，表“请求、建议”等，用would比用will委婉，客气些Eg:1)Willyoulendmeyourbook?2)Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?2.用于表示意志或意愿，意为“会，愿意”。will指现在，而would指过去。用于否定句中，表示“不会、不肯、不乐意”。Eg:1)Iwon’tdothatagain.2)Theysaidthattheywouldhelpus.3)NomatterwhatIsaid,hewon’tlistentome. 3.表示习惯性动作。译作“总是、惯于”，will指现在常常，would指过去常常。Eg:1)Thismanisstrange.Hewillsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.2)Marywillkeepaskingsomesillyquestions.3)Everyevening,shewouldsitbywindow,deepinthought.4)WewouldsitaroundGrandpaaftersupper,listeningtohisstories. Ifyou____waithereforanother5minutes,ourmanagerwillcomeback.A.shouldB.willC.needD.must2.Whenhewasthere,he______gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.mightBA 4.should与oughtto1.oughtto比should语气更重。两者都用于表劝告、建议。意为”应该、应当”。但在疑问句中常用should。oughtto的否定式为oughtn’tto或oughtnotto。Eg:Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.ShouldIopenthewindow?Whatshouldwedonext?2.两者都可表示推测，表示很大的可能性。意为“可能、按理该…”Eg:1)It’s7o’clock,heshouldbeathome.2)Theyshouldhavearrivedbynow. 3.oughtto/shouldhavedone本应该干某事可事实未干oughtn’tto/shouldn’thavedone本不该干某事可事实却干了Eg:Youshouldhaveinvitedmetothepartyyesterday.Youareright.IShouldhavethoughtofthat.Youshouldn’thaveeatenallthecakesinoneday.4.Should可以用来表示说话人的惊奇等情感，意为“竟然，居然”Eg:1)It’ssurprisingthatMaryshouldlovesuchaperson.2)It’sunbelievablethattheboyshouldsingsuchabeautifulsong. 1.Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_____besorudetoalady.A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must2.----WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.----They_____bereadyby12:00A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need3.We______lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.oughttohavestudiedD.wouldstudyBBc 5.shall1.Shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。Eg:1)Shallwebeginourdiscussion?2)ShallIchangetheclothesforthechild?3)ShallTomgotherewithmetomorrow?4)Henryiswaitingoutside.Shallhecomein? 2.Shall用于二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人的允诺、警告、命令、威胁等语气。Eg:1)Youshallgetananswerfrommetomorrow.2)Heshallbepunished.3)Youshallgowithme.4)TellJerrythatheshallgetagiftifhebehaveswell. ChairmanZhang,manypeoplewanttoseeyou.___theywaithereoroutside?A.shallB.canC.shouldD.may2.You___usemybikeifyoucanreturnittomebeforeIleavehere.A.shouldB.shallC.needD.must3.You___bepunishedifyoubreaktherule.A.shallB.shouldC.needD.mustABA must/have to/need1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto，意为 “不必”。mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”—MustI finish all homework at a time?—Yes,youmust.No, youneedn't/don’thaveto. Idon’tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Motherwasout,soIhadtolookaftertheshop.2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和have to稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have to强调客观需要。另外，have to能用于更多时态。 Youmustbe the new teacher.Hemustbe joking.There is nobody here. Theymust have allgonehome.3.must表示对某人某事的肯定猜测,作“准是”,“一定”,用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用musthavedone，意为过去一定已经做过某事。 Whymustyoualwaysinterruptme?Ifyoumustsmoke,doitoutside,pleaseWhymustitrainonSunday?4.must表示与说话人愿望相反，翻译成“偏要，硬要，非要” 5.注意对need问句的回答:--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,________________.No,________________.No,________________.youmustyouneedn’tyoudon’thaveto--Mustwedoitnow?--No,you__________.needn’t(don’thaveto) 【考例】Thebosshasgiveneveryoneaspecialholiday,sowe____gotoworktomorrow.(上海2007春)A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t【点拨】考查情态动词。根据题意,可知这里表示“没有必要”,故只能选C项。 【考例】─Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?─You____doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.A.don’thavetoB.oughtn’ttoC.mustn’tD.can’t【点拨】根据题意“除了和他们呆在一起做你自己外,没有必要做任何事情。”可知这里选择don’thaveto表示“不必”。故选A项。 【考例】---JanehasjustcomebackfromChinaandshelookshappy.---She_________hertripverymuch.mustenjoyB.musthaveenjoyedC.mayenjoyDshouldhaveenjoyed 【考例】You____returnthebooknow,youcankeepituntilnextweekifyoulike.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot 【考例】WhereisDad,Mary?He____theflowersinthegarden.mustwaterB.mustbewateringC.MusthavewateredD.watered 【考例】---What’sthematterwiththemanhanginghisheadthere?---Well.Ifyou___know,hewascaughtstealingmybike.mustB.mayC.canD.shall 情态动词表推测用法小结情态动词对现在或将来情况的推测对现在或将来正在进行的推测对过去情况的推测肯定推测mustmust+vmust+bedoingmust+havedone可能推测may/mightmay/might+vmay/might+bedoingmay/might+havedone否定推测can’t/couldn’tcan’t/couldn't+vcan’t/couldn't+bedoingcan’t/couldn’t+havedone疑问推测can/couldcan/could+vcan/could+bedoingcan/could+havedone 情态动词+havedone这是历年高考热点之一，可表示“推测、责备、怀疑”等多种意义。 一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计1.musthavedone“过去肯定已经做了某事”eg:Thegroundisratherwet,soitmusthaverainedlastnight.2.may/mighthavedone“可能/大概已经做了某事”eg:Tommayhavegonetoshanghai,butIstillnotsureaboutit.3.can’t/couldn’thavedone“不可能已经做了某事”eg:Thegroundisverydry,soitcan’thaverainedlastnight注：在疑问句中can/could表示对过去情况的疑问性推测，“可能已经…了吗？”eg:Someonemusthavebrokenintoourbedroom,Whocouldhavedoneit? 二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备1.should/oughttohavedone“过去本应该做而没做”eg:IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenIshouldhavestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.2.shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone“过去本不应该做的事却做了”eg:I’mverysorryforthewordsIshouldn’thavesaidtoyouatthatmoment.3.could/mighthavedone“本来能够做的事却没做”eg:Hecouldhaveworkedouttheproblem. 4.needn’thavedone“原本不必做的事却做了”eg:Yourhomeisnotfarfromyourschool,soyouneedn’thaveleftinsuchahurry.5.Wouldliketohavedone“本打算做某事但没做成”eg:Iwouldliketohavecometovisityou,butIhadtolookaftermysickmotherathome.