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时间:2018-11-23
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1、VOCABULARYLISTPreliminaryEnglishTest(PET)IntroductiontothePETVocabularyListThePETVocabularyListgivesteachersaguidetothevocabularyneededwhenpreparingstudentsforthePETexamination.BackgroundtotheListThePETlistwasoriginallydevelopedbyCambridgeESOLinconsultationwithexternalconsulta
2、ntstoguideitemwriterswhoproducematerialsforthePETexamination.ItincludesvocabularyfromtheCouncilofEurope’sThreshold(1990)specificationandothervocabularywhichcorpusevidenceshowsishigh-frequency.ThelistcoversvocabularyappropriatetothislevelofEnglishandincludesreceptivevocabulary(
3、wordsthatthecandidateisexpectedtounderstandbutwhichisnotthefocusofaquestion),andproductivevocabulary(wordsthatthecandidateneedstoknowtoansweraquestion).ThelistdoesnotprovideanexhaustivelistofallwordswhichappearonthePETquestionpapersandcandidatesshouldnotconfinetheirstudyofvoca
4、bularytothelistalone.HowtheListisUpdatedThevocabularyofEnglishchangesovertime,withwordsbeingaddedandotherwordsfallingintodisuse.Inordertomaintainitscurrency,thePETlistisupdatedonanannualbasisbytheadditionandremovalofwords,usingacorpus-basedapproach.Suggestedadditionstothewordl
5、istarecollatedandthefrequencyofthesewordsisobtainedbyreferencetoestablishedcorpora(electronicdatabases).Thecorporainquestionrepresentreceptiveandproductivelanguageingeneralcontexts.ThemaincorporausedforthevalidationofthePETVocabularyListare:•theCambridgeLearnerCorpus(CLC)which
6、includesover20millionwordsofwrittenlearnerEnglishatsixlevels;•theBritishNationalCorpus(BNC)whichincludes100millionwordsofwrittenandspokennativespeakerdata.OrganisationoftheList•WordsetsSomecategoriesofwordsalearneratthislevelmightbeexpectedtoknowarenotincludedinthealphabetical
7、listbutarelistedseparately.Wordsformedwithcommonaffixes,somecompoundsandwordsfromsomecommonwordsets,e.g.daysoftheweekaredescribedbelowandinAppendix1.Althoughsome‘grammarwords’(pronouns,modals,etc.)areincluded,the‘LanguageSpecification’sectionofthePETHandbook(availableunder‘Dow
8、nloads’)shouldbeconsultedforamorecompletelisting.•Exemplifica
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