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1、Whatarethemostimportantculturedifferencesandelementsofinterculturalmunicationthatint论文asculinity,andrecentlyHofstedeaddonemore:long-term-short-termorientation.alaysia,Japan,China,India.Intheoriental,poilyculture'(Trompernaars,1993:139).Inthiskindofcorporateculturethemanager
2、islikethe"caringfather".Thesubordinatesalthemanagers.Becauseofthemanagersageandexperience.Thatisusuallyhoployeesgettheirpromotion.Therearebothpositiveandnegativepartsinthefamilycultures.Ifeelitisaneasymanagingsystem.Butsometimeitishardtogetyoungcreativeemployeesenaars(1993:
3、142)toldus"familycultureattheirleasteffectivedraintheenergiesandloyaltiesofsubordinatestobuoyuptheleader."Soinfamilyculture,thepoenon.Thereis'theEiffelTopernaars,1997:166)intheinternationalmanagement.AbouttheEiffeltopenaars(1993:148)toldus"Itshierarchyisverydifferentfromtha
4、tofthefamily.Eachhigherlevelhasaclearanddemonstrablefunctionofholdingtogetherthelevelbeneathit."German,AustrianhavethecharacteristicoftheEiffelToployeesholdmuchlessauthoritarianvaluesthanlothesubordinatestothesuperiorsisnotasmuchastheorientalployeecanhavedifferentopinion.Th
5、isisagoodthingusuallypanymayexploreallthepotentialsofitsemployees,becausesometimethesubordinatesmayhavethebetterideaofthebusiness.Ithinkbecauseofthedifferentrealizationofpoisunderstandingmustbeemergedoreinterculturesmeetup.Underthissituation,theinternationalmanagersmustpaya
6、ttentiontotheclashesandbeaorecooperativelyisimportanttoo.Andthenthereisalsoalargediscrepancyontheuncertaintyavoidance.(Hoecklin,1995:31)defined'Uncertaintyavoidanceisthelackoftoleranceforambiguityandtheneedforformalrules.'Thatmeanspeopletryingtosetuprulestofacetotheuncertai
7、nty.ThereishighuncertaintyavoidanceinmostorientalcountriessuchasJapan,China.Inthesecountries,peoplepreferastablejob.Theyfeelsafeandpridefulstance,anexcellentmanagershouldkeephisemployeeaunpredictablerisk.AndtheemployeeostobilityoccursinthosecountriessuchasUSA,Denmark,Singap
8、ore.Theoreexperiencecausetheylikechallenge.Ibelievethatthedivergenceoftheuncertain
