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1、AAlbigenses阿尔比派Albigenses,followersofthesinglemostimportantheresywithintheChristianchurchduringtheMiddleAges(5thcenturyto15thcentury).TheywerenamedafterthetownofAlbi(LatinAlbiga),insouthernFrance,amajorcenterofthemovement.Aquitaine阿奎丹Aquitaine(LatinAquitania),traditionalnameforsou
2、thwesternFrance,firstusedbyJuliusCaesarinthe1stcenturybc.UndertheRomans,theprovinceofAquitaniaextendedalmostasfarnorthastheLoireRiver.Novempopulana(Gascony),theportionsouthoftheGironde,wasmadeaseparateprovinceinthelate3rdcentury.TheremainderbecameaseparatekingdomintheFrankishperio
3、d.ThetitledukeofAquitainewasheldbythecountsofPoitiersfromthe10thtothe12thcentury.ThelastdukewasWilliamX.Whenhisdaughter,EleanorofAquitaine,marriedtheheirtothethroneofEnglandin1152,theareabecameanEnglishpossessionandremainedsountilthe15thcentury,whenitwasannexedbyFranceattheendofth
4、eHundredYears'War.Fromthe13thcenturyuntiltheFrenchRevolution,AquitainewasusuallyknownasGuyenne.ThenameAquitainewasrevivedinthe1960stodesignatetheeconomicregioncomprisingtheFrenchdepartmentsofPyrénées-Atlantiques,Landes,Gironde,Dordogne,andLot-et-Garonne.Area,41,309sqkm(15,949sqmi)
5、.Population3,123,000(2007estimate).SaintThomasAquinas托马斯阿奎那SaintThomasAquinas, sometimes called theAngelicDoctorandthePrinceofScholastics(1225-1274),Italianphilosopherandtheologian,whoseworkshavemadehimthemostimportantfigureinScholasticphilosophyandoneoftheleadingRomanCatholictheo
6、logians.Arius阿里乌斯Arius(ofAlexandria)(256-336),earlyChristianleader,founderofArianism,aChristianheresythatdeniedthefulldivinityofJesusChrist.AriuswaseducatedinthetheologicalschoolofAntioch(nowAntakya,Turkey)underthedistinguishedGreekscholarLucian.TheschoolinAntioch,whereAriusprobab
7、lyderivedabasisforhisdoctrine,wasnotedforitsemphasesonahistoricalandinductivemethodofreligiousinvestigationandontheunityoftheGodhead,orHolyTrinity.TheschoolwasalsoknownforitstendencytoregardChristasacreatedbeing,subordinatetoGodtheFather.Attila阿提拉Attila,calledtheScourgeofGod(circa
8、406-53),kingoftheHuns(circa433-53
