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1、1.Material•polyethylene聚乙烯,polypropylene聚丙烯,polyamide(聚酰胺)尼龙,polyester聚酯•polystyrene聚丙烯,polycarbonate聚碳酸酯,polyvinylchloride聚氯乙烯,polymethylmethacrylate（PMMA）有机玻璃聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯•synthesis合成,polymerization聚合,catalyst催化剂,chemicalreactivity化学反应性,monomer单体单体结构•thermoplastic热塑性塑料,thermoset热固
2、性塑料,elastomer弹性体2.Structure•doublebond双键,repeatunit重复单元,conformation构象,configuration构型pendantgroup侧基,branchchain支链,coil线团•numberaveragemolecularweight数均分子量•intermolecularattraction分子间的吸引力,hydrogenbonding氢键,entanglement纠缠、纠结,orientation取向•amorphous非晶,crystalline晶区,crosslinked交联的
3、•nucleation成核,foldedchainmodel折叠连模型,sphereulite球晶•blend混合,composite复合,morphology形态,Composition组成,component组分,matrixphase聚集相•Infraredspectroscopy红外吸收光谱法•differentialscanningcalorimetry差示扫描量热法•X-raydiffractionX射线衍射3.Property•glasstransitiontemperature玻璃化转变温度,meltingpoint熔点,decomp
4、osition分解,degradation降解,thermalstability热稳定性,coefficientofthermalexpansion热膨胀系数•impacttoughness冲击韧性,tensilestrength抗张强度,reinforcement强化,meltindex熔融指数•modulus模数,stress-straincurve应力-应变曲线,elongationatbreak断裂伸长率,deformation变形•creep蠕变,stressrelaxation应力松弛,annealing退火•shear-thinning
5、/thickening剪切稀释/增稠•pseudoplastic假塑性体,viscoelasticity粘弹性4.Processing•twin-screwextruders双螺杆挤出机•injectionmolding注塑•die冲模,mold模,cavity型腔•processingaids/additives加工助剂,filler填料•melt,熔融plasticizing塑化,solidify固化6•Becauseofthecloseconnectionbetweenthetermsresins,plastics,andpolymers,th
6、eyaresometimesusedinterchangeably,althoughcorrectlyusedtherearedifferences.Tosummarize,polymersareanymaterialmadeupofmolecularchains;plasticsaresynthetic,long-chainpolymersthatcanbeorhavebeenshaped;andresinsaresolidsorliquidsthataresubsequentlyshapedintoaplasticpart.因为树脂、塑料、和聚合
7、物这些术语之间密切的联系,它们有时可以互换使用,虽然准确地使用有差异。总之,聚合物是由分子链构成的物质,塑料是合成的,长链的可以成形的聚合物,而树脂是以后可以形成一个塑料零件的固体或液体高聚物。•Thecomplexityinpolymersarisesbecausesolidpolymericmaterialscanexist,intwoverydistincttypesofstructure.Inonetype,thepolymermoleculesarerandomlycoiledabouteachotherwithentanglement.T
8、hisstructuretypeiscalledamorphous.Inthesecondtype,thep
