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1、TwoWordstoAvoid,TwotoRememberUnitOne,TextOne《避免两词，铭记两词》ByArthurGordonWarming-up:PetPhraseManypeoplehavepetphrases.Pre-classQuestionsDoyouhaveanypetphrases?Whatkindofpetphraseshaveyoueverheard?Howdoyoufeelaboutthem?Doyouthinkthepetphraseshaveanythingtodowithone'smenta
2、lstate?1.“说真的，老实说，的确，不骗你”Tobehonest,totellyouthetruth,cetainly,definitelyetc.Peoplewhospeakthesephrasesveryoftenusuallyworrythatothersmightmisunderstandwhattheysay.Theyareimpetuous.2.“应该、必须、必定会”besupposedto,should,must,oughtThesepeopleareveryconfidentaboutthemselves,
3、reasonableandsober.Theybelievethattheycanpersuadeothers.Thoseleadersprefertosaythesewords.3.“听说、据说、听人说”Itissaidthat,peoplesaythat,theysaythat,betoldthatetc.Theseguysarewellinformedbuthesitant.Also,thesesophisticatedpeopleusuallysaythesewords.4.“可能是吧、或许是吧、大概是吧”Perhaps
4、,Maybe,Probablyetc.Theseguysareverydefensive.Theyseldomtellotherswhattheyarethinking.Theyarecalm.Thepoliticianssaythesewordsfrequently.5.“但是，不过”But,However,Neverthelessetc.Theyuse"However"toprotectthemselves.Tosomeextent,itreflectsthattheseguysaremild.6.“啊、呀、这个、这个、嗯、
5、嗯”Theseguysareusuallylackofwordswhentalkingwithothers.Theyaredulltoo.LibraryWorkManhattan:businessandculturalcentreofNewYorkCity.SigmundFreud(1856-1939)wasanAustraliandoctorwhodevelopedanewsystemforunderstandingthewaythatpeople'smindswork,andanewwayoftreatingmentalil
6、lnesscalledpsychoanalysis(精神分析学).HewroteTheInterpretationofDreamsandTheEgoandtheId.Sigmund Freud, one of the crucial authors and thinkers of the 20thcentury, was born in Moravia[mə'reivjə]in 1856, and taken to Vienna as a child by his Jewish father and mother.Only a
7、few professions were open to Jews in 19th-century Vienna, one of them being medicine. Freud consequentlyreceived a medical degree in 1881, and then wrote on hysteria.He would become the founder of modern psychoanalysis, among his many other achievements.Freud died in
8、 England in 1939, after being ransomed from theGastaposubsequent to the Nazi takeover in Austria. It is now exactly 150 years since
