外文翻译--- 半导体气敏传感器

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1、附录1：SemiconductorGasSensorsResearchanddevelopmentofgassensorshaveshowngreatadvancesduringthepastdecade.SemiconductorgassensorsmainlyusingSnO2elementshavebeenprevailingasdetectorsoralarmsforleakageofLP(LiquifiedPropane)gasandtowngas,inadditiontootherapplications.GassensorsbasedonMOSFET,firstproposedi

2、n1975,haveattractedinterestsofmanyresearchers,andhavebeendevelopedtoapointofcommercializationasahydrogendetector.Solidelectrolytes,representedbystabilizedzirconia,haveproventobeverypromisingsensormaterialsforoxygen,SO2,etc.Thispaperaimsatreviewingbrieflyrecentadvancesandtrendsinsemiconductorgassenso

3、rswhichweredevelopedinarecentfewyears.Semiconductorgassensorsdetectgasesfromachangeinelectricalresistanceofanelementmadewithasemiconductivemetaloxide,typicallySnO2.Althoughsensorsutilizingγ-Fe2O3orα-Fe2O3havebeenputintopracticaluse,SnO2sensorstillhasanoverwhelmingmarketshare.Theproductionofsemicondu

4、ctorgassensorshasgrownintoalargeindustry:morethan5millionpieceswereproducedin1983.Mostofthemhavebeenusedindomestichomesasdetectorsoralarmsforgasleakage.Fieldstatisticshasshownthatgasalarmsarequiteeffectivetopreventanoutbreakofgasleakageaccident;theaccidentratesharplydecreaseswithanincreaseingasalarm

5、installationrate.ItisusefultoknowactualLtd.hasanalyzedthecaseswheregasalarmswereeffectiveforpreventionofdisastorousgasaccidents.TheresultisshowninFig.1.Thecausesareassociateddominantlywithmishandingordefectsofgasappliances(66.8%),andthenwithstopcocks(11.3%),suicides(7.6%),gaspipes(6.7%),connectors(6

6、.4%),andtheothers(1.2%).Itisrathersurprisingthatsuicidesarerankedinthethirdplaceinthisanalysis.Anywaysemiconductorgassensorshavebeensofargivenmuchcreditasanimportantdeviceforhomesecurityandtheinstallationrateofgasalarmsisincreasingyearafteryear.SeveralyearsagoaproblemaroseaboutSnO2gassensorwhenitwas

7、adoptedatplaceslikekitchensofundergroundrestaurantswherevariousinflammablegasescameoutintoatmospherefromfuelsandcookingsveryfrequentlyduringworkingtime.Insuchadirtyatmosphere,thegassensortendedtogiven