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1、FieldofStudy:LaborandPopulationEconomicsHumanCapital,FactorProductivityandChina’sRegionalDisparity*Thisresearchissupportedbythenationalnaturalsciencefoundation(No:70373041)andthenationalsocialsciencefoundation(No:06BJL027)inChina.AbstractPostulatingdifferencesinfactorproductivityacrossregi
2、onsisaprincipalreasonforChina’sregionaldisparity,wetheninvestigatethedeterminantsofTFPwhichisakeyfactoraffectsfactorproductivity.Ouranalysesshowthathumancapital,FDI,infrastructure,thedegreeofmarketization,andurbanizationallhaspositiveandsignificanteffectsonTFP.However,thedifferencesintheco
3、ntributionsofthesefactorstoTFPareverybigacrossregions.Onthewhole,forthe1987-2004period,theeastregionalmostalwayshasthelargestcontributionsofthesefactorstoTFP,whichcanexplainwhytheeastregioncandevelopfastertosomeextent.Bycomparison,intheeastregion,thecontributionofhumancapitaltoTFPisveryimp
4、ortantalthoughitislessthanthatofurbanizationandthedevelopmentofmarketization.WhileTFPbenefitsmorefromhumancapitalthananyotherfactorsinthecentralandwestregions.Therefore,increasinghumancapitalinvestmentespeciallyinthelessdevelopedareasshouldbeanimportantprerequisitetoreducingregionaldispari
5、ty.Keywords:HumanCapital;Productivity;RegionalDisparity1.IntroductionAlongwithdramaticeconomicgrowthsincethebeginningofeconomicreformin1978,China’srisingregionaleconomicinequalityisparticularlyworrisome.Between1978and2005,theaverageannualgrowthrateofrealpercapitaGDPinZhejiangprovincereache
6、d12.01%,whileinQinghaiitwasonly6.55%.By2005,theratioofpercapitaGDPinShanghaitothatinGuizhoureached8.14.Figure1graphs23theevolutionofChineseprovincialinequality,asmeasuredbytheGinicoefficientofrealpercapitalGDPfortheperiod1978through2005,provincialinequalityrelativelyshrunkduringtheperiod19
7、78through1990althoughwithsomefluctuations.However,itrosegraduallyafter1990.Bytheyear2000Chinahasbecomeoneofcountrieswiththehighestdegreesofincomeinequalityintheworld(Yang,2002).Thisevolutionofprovincialinequalityisalsoconfirmedbymanyotherscholars(Jian,Sachs,an
