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1、Chapter2SpeechSoundsI.QuickcheckdesignfeaturesarbitrarinessdualitydisplacementphaticcommunionmetalanguagemacrolinguisticssynchronicdiachronicprescriptivedescriptivelangueparolecompetenceperformanceII.Warm-upquestions1.Howmanysounds(phonemes)arethereintheEnglishlanguage?Howm
2、anyvowels?Howmanyconsonants?2.Whatisthemajordifferencebetweenvowelsandconsonants?3.WhatpronunciationoftheEnglishlanguageisusedasthestandardpronunciationrespectivelyintheUSandtheUK?ReceivedPronunciationofBritishEnglish(inSouthernEngland)GeneralAmericanEnglish(ingreen)4.Whati
3、sthemeaningoftheword“assimilation”youknow?5.CanstressmakeadifferenceinthebasicmeaningofaChineseword(ofmorethantwosyllables)?6.Howdoyoupronounce“我”inyourowndialect?CanyoumarkitoutusingtheIPA(InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)?III.Majorpointstostudy1.TheIPAandsoundtranscription;2
4、.Classificationofspeechsounds;3.Thephoneme,allophoneanddistinctivefeatures;4.Phonologicalprocessesandrules;5.SuprasegmentalsIV.Discussionofthemajorpoints1.TheIPAandsoundtranscription:1)TheIPA–InternationalPhoneticAlphabet:TheIPAchart(p.28)2)Soundtranscription:e.g.English:Lo
5、ndon['lʌndən]little['litł]Chinese:农民[nó:ŋmín]哥们儿[ɡjəməג]2.Classificationofspeechsounds:1)Consonants:Consonantsaresounds,producedwithatleasttwoarticulators,whichhavesomerecognizableobstructionoftheairstreamsentfortheproductionofthesound(Cf.p.29).e.g.Englishsounds:/t,d;f,v;ts
6、,dz;m,l/2)Vowels:Vowelsaresoundsproducedwithfreeflowofairstream,sentfortheproductionofthesound,whichisshapedintovariousformsbythetongueintheoralcavity(Cf.p.32).e.g.Englishsounds:/i:,æ,ɑ:,ɑu/Chinesesounds:i,e,o,u(Pinyin)TheEnglishsoundsystem(Cf.pp.34,35)3.Thephoneme,allophon
7、eanddistinctivefeatures:1)Thephonemeandallophones:Thephonemeisanabstractconceptandthesmallestphonologicalunitthatreferstoafamilyofsoundswhicharesimilarinpronunciationandareincomplementarydistribution.Thevariousmembersofthephonemearecalleditsallophones(Cf.p.39).e.g.TheEnglis
8、hconsonantphoneme/p/isrealizedwithslightlydifferentpronunciationinthefollowingsyll
