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1、SportandBodyCulture:ACross-CulturalComparisonofEastandWestSusanBrownellJointChair,DepartmentsofAnthropologyandForeignLanguagesUniversityofMissouri,St.Louissbrownell@umsl.eduVesalius,1543HuaShou,1341PanelonSport,theBodyandHealth:Eastvs.West9thWorldLeisureCongressHangzhou,China19October2006C
2、onceptsofbodyareculturallyrelativeClassicalGreeksomaphysissomaClassicalLatincorpuscorpuscorpusEnglishbodybodycorpseGermanLeibKörperLeicheChineseshen身ti体shi尸Japaneseshin身tai体shi尸ThreeTraditionsofKnowledgeabouttheBodyinChina:Medicine:Acupuncture,HerbalMedicine,Qigong(healingthroughuseofqi).R
3、eligion:Taoism(alchemyandthesearchforimmortality);Buddhism(thesearchforenlightenment).MartialArts(kungfu,wushu)meridians(conduitsforthecirculationofqi,vitalenergy):twelveregularmeridianswhichformcircuits;backandoutsideoflimbsareyang,frontandinsideoflimbsareyin.AcupunctureChartsyin/yangYell
4、owEmperor'sClassicofMedicine:"TheYellowEmperorsaid,'TheprincipleofYinandYangisthefoundationoftheentireuniverse.Itunderlieseverythingincreation.Itbringsaboutthedevelopmentofparenthood;itistherootandsourceoflifeanddeath;itisfoundwithinthetemplesofthegods.Inordertotreatandcurediseaseonemustse
5、archfortheirorigins...."Yang,theelementoflight.Yin,theelementofdarkness.WaterisanembodimentofYin,asfireisanembodimentofYang.Yangcreatestheair,whileYincreatesthesenses,whichbelongtothephysicalbody.Whenthephysicalbodydies,thespiritisrestoredtotheair,itsnaturalenvironment.Thespiritreceivesits
6、nourishmentthroughtheair,andthebodyreceivesitsnourishmentthroughthesenses..."Taiji,theSupremeUltimateself-cultivation(xiulian):Enhancingthemindorspiritbytrainingthebody.Breathingexercisesformthecenterofallself-cultivationexercises;meditationinmotion,eg.walking,dancing,martialarts,calligrap
7、hy,etc.;meditationinstillness.Satori(Buddhism),Dao(Daoism):Inseparablemind-bodyonenesscinnabarfield(dantian)upper-centerofforehead,seatoflightresidinginhumansmiddle-heartregion,abodeofthespiritualsoullower-lowerabdomen,thesomaticsoul(sexuallibido).II.Compariso
