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1、TheBasicknowledgeofSensorandDevelopmentofSensorTheBasicknowledgeofSensorAtransducerisadevicewhichconvertsthequantitybeingmeasuredintoanoptical,mechanical,or-morecommonly-electricalsignal.Theenergy-conversionprocessthattakesplaceisreferredtoastransduction.Transducersareclassifiedacco
2、rdingtothetransductionprincipleinvolvedandtheformofthemeasured.Thusaresistancetransducerformeasuringdisplacementisclassifiedasaresistancedisplacementtransducer.Otherclassificationexamplesarepressurebellows,forcediaphragm,pressureflapper-nozzle,andsoon.1、TransducerElementsAlthoughthe
3、reareexception,mosttransducersconsistofasensingelementandaconversionorcontrolelement.Forexample,diaphragms,bellows,straintubesandrings,bourdontubes,andcantileversaresensingelementswhichrespondtochangesinpressureorforceandconvertthesephysicalquantitiesintoadisplacement.Thisdisplaceme
4、ntmaythenbeusedtochangeanelectricalparametersuchasvoltage,resistance,capacitance,orinductance.Suchcombinationofmechanicalandelectricalelementsformelectromechanicaltransducingdevicesortransducers.Similarcombinationcanbemadeforotherenergyinputsuchasthermal.Photo,magneticandchemical,gi
5、vingthermoelectric,photoelectric,electromaanetic,andelectrochemicaltransducersrespectively.2、TransducerSensitivityTherelationshipbetweenthemeasuredandthetransduceroutputsignalisusuallyobtainedbycalibrationtestsandisreferredtoasthetransducersensitivityK1=output-signalincrement/measur
6、edincrement.Inpractice,thetransducersensitivityisusuallyknown,and,bymeasuringtheoutputsignal,theinputquantityisdeterminedfrominput=output-signalincrement/K1.3、CharacteristicsofanIdealTransducerThehightransducershouldexhibitthefollowingcharacteristicsa)highfidelity-thetransduceroutpu
7、twaveformshapebeafaithfulreproductionofthemeasured;thereshouldbeminimumdistortion.b)Thereshouldbeminimuminterferencewiththequantitybeingmeasured;thepresenceofthetransducershouldnotalterthemeasuredinanyway.c)Size.Thetransducermustbecapableofbeingplacedexactlywhereitisneeded.d)Theresh
8、ouldbealinearrelati
