2017武大考博英语试题及答案.pdf

《2017武大考博英语试题及答案.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、武汉大学2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题（满分值100分）科目名称：英语科目代码：1101注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。PartIReadingComprehension(2’×20=40points)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therewillbe5passagesforyoutoread.Eachpassageisfollowedby4questionsorunfinishedstatements,andeachquestionorunfinishedstat

2、ementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YouaretodecideonthebestchoicebyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.PassageOneMrGordonisrightthatthesecondindustrialrevolutioninvolvednever-to-be-repeatedchanges.Butthatdoesnotmeanthatdriverlesscarscountfornothing.MessrsErix

3、onandWeigelarealsorighttoworryabouttheWest’sdismalrecentrecordinproducingnewcompanies.Butmanyoldfirmsarenotrunbybureaucratsandhavereinventedthemselvesmanytimesover:GeneralElectricmustbeonatleastitsninthlife.Andtheimpactofgiantnewfirmsborninthepast20yearssuchasUber,GoogleandFacebo

4、okshouldnotbeunderestimated:theyhavealltheSchumpeteriancharacteristicstheauthorsadmire.Onthepessimists’sidethestrongestargumentreliesnotoncloselywatchingcorporateandinvestorbehaviorbutratheronmacro-levelstatisticsonproductivity.Thefiguresfromrecentyearsaretrulydismal.KarimFoda,of

5、theBrookingsInstitution,calculatesthatlaborproductivityintherichworldisgrowingatitsslowestratesince1950.Totalfactorproductivity(whichtriestomeasureinnovation)hasgrownatjust0.1%inadvancedeconomiessince2004,wellbelowitshistoricalaverage.Optimistshavetworetorts.Thefirstisthattheremu

6、stbesomethingwrongwiththefigures.Onepossibilityisthattheyfailtocountthehugeconsumersurplusgivenawayfreeofchargeontheinternet.Butthisisunconvincing.Theofficialfiguresmaywellbeunderstatingtheimpactoftheinternetrevolution,justastheydownplayedtheimpactofelectricityandcarsinthepast,bu

7、ttheyarenotunderstatingitenoughtoexplaintherecentdeclineinproductivitygrowth.Another,secondlineofargumentthattheproductivityrevolutionhasonlyjustbegunismorepersuasive.OverthepastdecademanyITcompaniesmayhavefocusedonthingsthatweremore“funthanfundamental”inPaulKrugman’sphrase.ButSi

8、liconValley’sbestcompaniesarecertainlyfo