毕业论文外文翻译-单片机基础

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1、1、外文原文（复印件）A:FundamentalsofSingle-chipMicrocomputerThesingle-chipmicrocomputeristheculminationofboththedevelopmentofthedigitalcomputerandtheintegratedcircuitarguablythetowmostsignificantinventionsofthe20thcentury[1].Thesetowtypesofarchitecturearefoundinsingle-chipmicrocom

2、puter.Someemploythesplitprogram/datamemoryoftheHarvardarchitecture,showninFig.3-5A-1,othersfollowthephilosophy,widelyadaptedforgeneral-purposecomputersandmicroprocessors,ofmakingnologicaldistinctionbetweenprogramanddatamemoryasinthePrincetonarchitecture,showninFig.3-5A-2.

3、Ingeneraltermsasingle-chipmicrocomputerischaracterizedbytheincorporationofalltheunitsofacomputerintoasingledevice,asshowninFig3-5A-3.ProgrammemoryInput&OutputunitCPUDatamemoryFig.3-5A-1AHarvardtypeInput&OutputunitCPUmemoryFig.3-5A-2.AconventionalPrincetoncomputerTimer/Cou

4、nterSystemclockExternalTimingcomponentsSerialI/OROMResetPrarallelI/ORAMInterruptsCPUPowerFig3-5A-3.PrincipalfeaturesofamicrocomputerRandomaccessmemory(RAM).RAMisforthestorageofworkingvariablesanddatausedduringprogramexecution.Thesizeofthismemoryvarieswithdevicetypebutitha

5、sthesamecharacteristicwidth(4,8,16bitsetc.)astheprocessor,Specialfunctionregisters,suchasstackpointerortimerregisterareoftenlogicallyincorporatedintotheRAMarea.ItisalsocommoninHarardtypemicrocomputerstotreattheRAMareaasacollectionofregister;itisunnecessarytomakedistinctio

6、nbetweenRAMandprocessorregisterasisdoneinthecaseofamicroprocessorsystemsinceRAMandregistersarenotusuallyphysicallyseparatedinamicrocomputer.Centralprocessingunit(CPU).TheCPUismuchlikethatofanymicroprocessor.Manyapplicationsofmicrocomputersandmicrocontrollersinvolvethehand

7、lingofbinary-codeddecimal(BCD)data(fornumericaldisplays,forexample),henceitiscommontofindthattheCPUiswelladaptedtohandlingthistypeofdata.Itisalsocommontofindgoodfacilitiesfortesting,settingandresettingindividualbitsofmemoryorI/Osincemanycontrollerapplicationsinvolvethetur

8、ningonandoffofsingleoutputlinesorthereadingthesingleline.Theselinesarereadilyinterfacedtotwo-sta