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时间:2018-11-10
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1、~1.必修五Unit1JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”约翰·斯诺击败“霍乱王”JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon-soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛,因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.
2、但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时,他就感到很振奋。Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病,Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次霍乱暴发时,就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisprob
3、lem.约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战,解决这个问题。Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.他知道,在找到病源之前,霍乱疫情是无法控制的。Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.斯诺对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousg
4、asfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着,像一股危险的气体到处漂浮,直到找到病毒的受害者为止。Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.病从胃里发作而迅速殃
5、及全身,患者就会很快地死去。JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.斯诺推测第二种说法是正确的,但他需要证据。SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.因此,在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候,约翰·斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods,hebegantogathe
6、rinformation.当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候,约翰·斯诺就开始收集资料。Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重,在10天之内就死去了500多人。Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.他决心要查明其原因。Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.首先,
7、他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbers16,37,38and40).许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是这条街上16、37、38、40号)。Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9
8、CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.他发现有些住宅(如宽街上20号和21号以及剑桥街上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。Hehadnotforeseenthis,sohemadefurther··~investigations.他
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