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1、DigitalImageProcessingandEdgeDetection1.DigitalImageProcessingInterestindigitalimageprocessingmethodsstemsfromtwoprincipalapplicant-ionareas:improvementofpictorialinformationforhumaninterpretation;andprocessingofimagedataforstorage,transmission,andrepresent
2、ationforau-tenuousmachineperception.Animagemaybedefinedasatwo-dimensionalfunction,f(x,y),wherexandyarespatial(plane)coordinates,andtheamplitudeoffatanypairofcoordinates(x,y)iscalledtheintensityorgrayleveloftheimageatthatpoint.Whenx,y,andtheamplitudevaluesof
3、fareallfinite,discretequantities,wecalltheimageadigitalimage.Thefieldofdigitalimageprocessingreferstoprocessingdigitalimagesbymeansofadigitalcomputer.Notethatadigitalimageiscomposedofafinitenumberofelements,eachofwhichhasaparticularlocationandvalue.Theseele
4、mentsarereferredtoaspictureelements,imageelements,peels,andpixels.Pixelisthetermmostwidelyusedtodenotetheelementsofadigitalimage.Visionisthemostadvancedofoursenses,soitisnotsurprisingthatimagesplaythesinglemostimportantroleinhumanperception.However,unlikehu
5、mans,whoarelimitedtothevisualbandoftheelectromagnetic(EM)spec-trump,imagingmachinescoveralmosttheentireEMspectrum,rangingfromgammatoradiowaves.Theycanoperateonimagesgeneratedbysourcesthathumansarenotaccustomedtoassociatingwithimages.Theseincludeultra-sound,
6、electronmicroscopy,andcomputer-generatedimages.Thus,digitalimageprocessingencompassesawideandvariedfieldofapplications.Thereisnogeneralagreementamongauthorsregardingwhereimageprocessingstopsandotherrelatedareas,suchasimageanalysisandcomputervi-son,start.Som
7、etimesadistinctionismadebydefiningimageprocessingasadisciplineinwhichboththeinputandoutputofaprocessareimages.Webelievethistobealimitingandsomewhatartificialboundary.Forexample,underthisdefinition,eventhetrivialtaskofcomputingtheaverageintensityofanimage(wh
8、ichyieldsasinglenumber)wouldnotbeconsideredanimageprocessingoperation.Ontheotherhand,therearefieldssuchascomputervisionwhoseultimategoalistousecomputerstoemulatehumanvision,includinglearningandbeingabl
