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1、桂林电子科技大学毕业设计(论文)报告用纸说明书编号:题目:42BYG020步进电机的单片机细分驱动器设计摘要步进电机是一种通过电脉冲信号控制相绕组电流实现定角转动的机电元件,具有易于开环精确控制、无积累误差等优点,但由于受到自身制造工艺的限制,步距角一般较大且是固定的,步进分辨率低、缺乏灵活性、在低频运行时振动。细分驱动技术是一种能有效改善步进电机低频特性和提高步进精度的驱动技术,在不改变电机内部参数的情况下,减小步距角、减小步进误差,即提高了分辨率和步距精度。细分后,驱动电流的变化幅度减小,故转子达到平衡位置时的过剩能量也减少;另一方面,控制信号的频率
2、提高了N倍(细分数),可远离转子的低频谐振频率。从而减弱了低频振荡问题。细分控制的基本思想是在每次输入脉冲切换时,不像单拍或双拍那样将相绕组电流全部通入或切除,而只改变相应绕组中额定电流的一部分,这样步进电机的合成磁势也只旋转步距角的一部分,从而使转子每步运行角度也只是步距角的一部分。本文主要通过对42BYG020步进电机进行性能指标、结构及其工作原理的分析,多种细分方式的比较,进而设计了基于AT89S51单片机控制的斩波恒流均匀细分驱动方案及实现技术,并对微步距角进行测量及修正,进而以实现消除步进电机的低频共振现象,减少振动,降低工作噪音等。关键词:4
3、2BYG020;单片机;斩波恒流;细分驱动AbstractSteppermotorisanelectricalcomponenttoachieveanglerotationthroughcontrollingwindingphasecurrentwithelectricalpulsesignal,whichhastheadvantagesofeaseforprecisecontrolofopen-loopandnoaccumulationoferrors.However,duetotheownlimitationsofmanufacturingproce
4、ssofSteppermotor,stepangleisgenerallylargerandfixed,lowinstepresolution,lackofflexibility,andvibratinginthelow-frequencyoperation.Subdivisiondrivingisadrivingtechnologywhichcanimprovelow-frequencycharacteristicsandthestepperaccuracyofsteppermotors.Itreducesthestepangleandthestepp
5、ingerrorincaseofnotchangingtheinternalparametersofthemotor,whichmeans,itimprovesresolutionandstepprecision.Aftersubdivision,therangeofdrivingcurrentwillreduce,sotheexcessenergyisalsoreducedwhentherotorreachesthebalanceposition;Ontheotherhand,thefrequencyofcontrolsignalwillincreas
6、eNtimes(thenumberofsubdivision),whichcanmaketherotorfarawayfromlow-frequencyresonant.Thustheproblemoflowfrequencyoscillationisreduced.Thebasicideaofsubdivisioncontrolistochangeonlyapartofratedcurrentinwindingphasecurrentwheneachinputpulseswitches,differentfromasinglepulseordouble
7、pulsethatmakeswindingphasecurrentgointoorremovewholly.Asaresult,synthesismagneticpotentialofsteppermotoronlyrotatesapartofstepangle,andsothateachoperationangleoftherotorisonlyapartofstepangle.Bytheanalysisofperformanceindicators,thestructureandworkingprincipleofthesteppermotor42B
8、YG020,aswellascomparisonofavarietyofsub-