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1、本科毕业设计（论文）专业外文翻译专业名称：土木工程专业（道路与桥梁）年级班级：道桥08-5班学生姓名：宋鹏指导教师：廖明成河南理工大学土木工程学院二○一二年五月十八日河南理工大学本科毕业设计专业外文翻译GeometricDesignofHighwaysTheroadisonekindoflinearconstructionusedfortravel.Itismadeoftheroadbed,theroadsurface,thebridge,theculvertandthetunnel.Inaddition,italsohasthecrossingoflines,theprote
2、ctiveprojectandthetrafficengineeringandtheroutefacility.Theroadbedisthebaseofroadsurface,roadshoulder,sideslope,sideditchfoundations.Itisstonematerialstructure,whichisdesignedaccordingtoroute'splaneposition.Theroadbed,asthebaseoftravel,mustguaranteethatithastheenoughintensityandthestabilityt
3、hatcanpreventthewaterandothernaturaldisasterfromcorroding.Theroadsurfaceisthesurfaceofroad.Itissingleorcomplexstructurebuiltwithmixture.Theroadsurfacerequirebeingsmooth,havingenoughintensity,goodstabilityandanti-slipperyfunction.Thequalityofroadsurfacedirectlyaffectsthesafe,comfortandthetraf
4、fic.HighwaygeometrydesignstoconsiderHighwayHorizontalAlignment,VerticalAlignmenttwokindsoflinearandcross-sectionalcompositionofcoordination,butalsopayattentiontothesmoothflowofthelineofsight,etc.Determinetheroadgeometry,considerthetopography,surfacefeatures,rationaluseoflandandenvironmentalp
5、rotectionfactors,tomakefulluseofthehighwaygeometriccomponentsofreasonablesizeandthelinearcombination.1.AlignmentDesignThealignmentofaroadisshownontheplaneviewandisaseriesofstraightlinescalledtangentsconnectedbycircular.Inmodernpracticeitiscommontointerposetransitionorspiralcurvesbetweentange
6、ntsandcircularcurves.Alignmentmustbeconsistent.Suddenchangesfromflattosharpcurvesandlongtangentsfollowedbysharpcurvesmustbeavoided;otherwise,accidenthazardswillbecreated.Likewise,placingcircularcurvesofdifferentradiiendtoend(compoundcurves)orhavingashorttangentbetweentwocurvesispoorpracticeu
7、nlesssuitabletransitionsbetweenthemareprovided.Long,flatcurvesarepreferableatalltimes,astheyarepleasinginappearanceanddecreasepossibilityoffuture10河南理工大学本科毕业设计专业外文翻译obsolescence.However,alignmentwithouttangentsisundesirableontwo-laneroadsbecausesom
