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1、AstudyofpolitenessinitsmanifestationsinChineseandAmericanculturesAbstractThispaperfocusesonastudyofpolitenessinitsmanifestationsinChineseandAmericancultures.ItgivesthereadersageneralideaofsomepragmaticstudiesofpolitenesspreviouslycarriedoutbyWesternandChinesescholars,a
2、nditgivesseveralcomparisonsofcurrentpracticesbetweenChineseandAmericanwaysofexpressingpolitenessindifferentsituations.Inbrief,thefindingsinthispapersupporttheviewthatpolitenessinitsvariousmanifestationsisculturespecifictoagreatextent.Byunderstandingculturaldifferences,
3、manymisunderstandingsandmiscommunicationscanbeavoided.Keywords:politeness,culturespecific,comparison,studies.AStudyofPolitenessⅠ.IntroductionInthispaperIwouldfocusthestudyofpolitenessonitsmanifestationsinChineseandAmericancultures.Whatispoliteness,then?InOxfordAdvanced
4、learner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary,POLITEisdefinedas“1.Havingorshowingthatonehasgoodmannersandconsiderationforotherpeople;2.(typical)ofasuperiorclassinsociety;refined.Politenesscanbeunderstoodasasocialphenomenon,ameanstoachievegoodinterpersonalrelationships,andanounimp
5、osedbysocialconventions.Soitisphenomenal,instrumentalandnormativebynature.Politenessisuniversal,whichisinterpretableinvariousways,i.e.itcanbeobservedasaphenomenoninallcultures,itisresortedtobyspeakersofdifferentlanguageasameanstoanend,anditisrecognizedasanorminallsocie
6、ties.Despiteitsuniversalitytheactualmanifestationsofpoliteness,andthestandardsofjudgementdifferindifferentcultures,whichcanbetracedtotheoriginofthenotionofpolitenessindifferentcultures.Therefore,wehavetostudythedifferencesindifferentculturessothatwecanavoidmisunderstan
7、dingandbehaveourselvesappropriatelyinvariousoccasions,andinturnpromotethecommunicationandenhancethefriendshipbetweenourfellowcountrymenandalltheAmericanfriendsandevenallpeoplethroughtheworld.Ⅱ.PragmaticstudiesofpolitenesscarriedoutbyWesternandChinesescholars.InmodernCh
8、inese,theequivalentofpoliteness,limao,isbelievedtohaveevolvedinhistoryfromthenotionofli.Thenotionoflioriginatedwithth
