Horizontal-Gene-Transfer

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1、ForewordTheeraofhigh-speedsequencingandcomputer-amongmicrobesdidnothavetheimpactofthatbasedannotatingsystemshavegeneratedenor-mediatedbetweenamicrobeandaeukaryote.mousdatabasesfromwhichmanynoveldiscov-Thegenomicseraanditsevergrowingdataeriesarebeingmade.Comparativegen

2、omicbasesprovidevastopportunitiestoexplorepo-nucleotideandaminoacidsequenceanalysestentialhorizontalgenetransfersystemsthatmayhaverevealedmanysequencecassettesthatexistbetweenmicrobesandeukaryotesandbe-appearhighlyconserved,thusraisingtheques-tweenlowereukaryotesandhi

3、ghereukaryotes.tionwhetherthesesequenceswereintroducedbyThedirectionofhorizontalgenetransfermaybehorizontalgenetransfermechanisms,orwhetherdominantinonedirection,butmayoccurinthetheywerefortuitousoccurrences.oppositedirection(retrotransfer).ThepriorrecombinantDNAerapr

4、ovidedInreviewingthechaptersofthisbook,Ihavevaluableinsightsontheextentofconservedcometotherealizationthatthediscoveryofhor-geneticmechanismsandbroughttorealizationizontalgenetransferamongdistinctorganismsthatgenescanbemovedacrossspeciesbarriers,ahasincreasedsubstanti

5、allyinthisnewmillen-findingthatwassupported20yearsearlierthanniumanda“new”scientificvocabularyhastherecombinantDNAerabybacterialgeneticex-beenintroduced.Theterms“cross-speciesgeneperiments.Infact,anumberofelegantbacterialtransfer”,“lateralgenetransfer”and“horizontalge

6、neticstudieshadimplicatedgenetictransmis-genetransfer”havebeenusedinterchangeably,sionofforeignDNAintobacteriaandintoplants.withthelasttwotermsusedmostfrequently.ThenaturaltransferofplasmidDNAfromToavoidfutureconfusion,theterm“horizontalAgrobacteriumtumefacienstoplant

7、cells,resultinggenetransfer”shouldrepresentthetransferofintheintegrationoftheforeignplasmidDNAgenesacrossdistinctspecies,especiallywhenintothechromosomeoftheplantfollowedbyitsinterkingdomgenetransfertakesplace.Theexpressiontogeneratephenotypicchangeistheterm“lateralge

8、netransfer”couldberetainedbestcaseofhorizontalgenetransferthatoccurstoaccommodategenetransferbetweendistinctinnature.Certain