简谈半导体外文翻译

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1、简谈半导体外文翻译简谈半导体外文翻译导读：aemores567附录附录A:外文资料翻译—原文部分SemiconductorAsemiconductorisasolidmaterialthathaselectricalconductivitybetanentlyordynamically.[1]Semiconductorsareimportantinelectronictechnology.Semiconductordevices,electronicponentsmadeofsemiconductormaterials,ar

2、eessentialinmodernconsumerelectronics,includingputers,mobilephones,anddigitalaudioplayers.Siliconisusedtocreatemostsemiconductorsmercially,butdozensofothermaterialsareused.BraggreflectioninadiffuselatticeAsecondeberofelectronsfillsupexactlyallstatesbelos.Thesplitst

3、atesformacovalentbondostlyinbets.Addingmoreatomsnoorebonds.Thisistheedbyliftingoneelectronfromthelosaseasyaselectronsareodelismostunsuitabletoexplainhooothly.EnergybandsandelectricalconductionLikeinothersolids,theelectronsinsemiconductorscanhaveenergiesonlyicnuclei

4、ofthematerial,andthefreeelectronenergy,thematerial.Theenergybandseachcorrespondtoalargenumberofdiscretequantumstatesoftheelectrons,andmostofthestatesiconductorsandinsulatorsaredistinguishedfrommetalsbecausethevalencebandinthesemiconductormaterialsisverynearlyfullun

5、derusualoperatingconditions,thuscausingmoreelectronstobeavailableintheconductionband.Theeaseiconductorcanbeexcitedfromthevalencebandtotheconductionbanddependsonthebandgapbeticonductorsandinsulators.Inthepictureofcovalentbonds,anelectronmovesbyhoppingtoaneighboringb

6、ond.BecauseofthePauliexclusionprincipleithastobeliftedintothehigheranti-bondingstateofthatbond.Inthepictureofdelocalizedstates,forexampleinonedimensionthatisinaemores567简谈半导体外文翻译(2)导读：onstobethechargecarriers,butsomemetalshaveamostlyfilledconductionband,andtheHalle

7、ffectrevealspositivechargecarriers,econductorslikesolutionsofsalts,orplasma.Inthecaseofametal,onlyasmallamountofenergtatesforonedirectionthanfortheotherdirectionhavetobeoccupiedandforthisenergyisneeded.Forametalthiscanbeaverysmallenergyinthesemiconductorthenexthigh

8、erstateslieabovethebandgap.Oftenthisisstatedas:fullbandsdonotcontributetotheelectricalconductivity.Hoperatureofasemiconductorrisesaboveabsoluteze