文化工业：作为启蒙的大众欺骗术阿多诺和霍克海默英文原

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1、TheodorAdornoandMaxHorkheimer(1944)TheCultureIndustry:EnlightenmentasMassDeceptionSource:mostofonechapterfromDialecticofEnlightenment;Transcribed:byAndyBlunden1998;proofedandcorrectedFeb.2005.THEsociologicaltheorythatthelossofthesupportofobjectivelyestablishedreligion,t

2、hedissolutionofthelastremnantsofpre-capitalism,togetherwithtechnologicalandsocialdifferentiationorspecialisation,haveledtoculturalchaosisdisprovedeveryday;forculturenowimpressesthesamestamponeverything.Films,radioandmagazinesmakeupasystemwhichisuniformasawholeandinevery

3、part.Eventheaestheticactivitiesofpoliticaloppositesareoneintheirenthusiasticobediencetotherhythmoftheironsystem.Thedecorativeindustrialmanagementbuildingsandexhibitioncentersinauthoritariancountriesaremuchthesameasanywhereelse.Thehugegleamingtowersthatshootupeverywherea

4、reoutwardsignsoftheingeniousplanningofinternationalconcerns,towardwhichtheunleashedentrepreneurialsystem(whosemonumentsareamassofgloomyhousesandbusinesspremisesingrimy,spiritlesscities)wasalreadyhastening.Evennowtheolderhousesjustoutsidetheconcretecitycentreslooklikeslu

5、ms,andthenewbungalowsontheoutskirtsareatonewiththeflimsystructuresofworldfairsintheirpraiseoftechnicalprogressandtheirbuilt-indemandtobediscardedafterashortwhilelikeemptyfoodcans.Yetthecityhousingprojectsdesignedtoperpetuatetheindividualasasupposedlyindependentunitinasm

6、allhygienicdwellingmakehimallthemoresubservienttohisadversary–theabsolutepowerofcapitalism.Becausetheinhabitants,asproducersandasconsumers,aredrawnintothecenterinsearchofworkandpleasure,allthelivingunitscrystalliseintowell-organisedcomplexes.Thestrikingunityofmicrocosma

7、ndmacrocosmpresentsmenwithamodeloftheirculture:thefalseidentityofthegeneralandtheparticular.Undermonopolyallmasscultureisidentical,andthelinesofitsartificialframeworkbegintoshowthrough.Thepeopleatthetoparenolongersointerestedinconcealingmonopoly:asitsviolencebecomesmore

8、open,soitspowergrows.Moviesandradioneednolongerpretendtobeart.Thetruththattheyarejustbusinessismadeintoanideol