职称英语--报考指南及考试技巧

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[职称英语]知识点讲解大全2021年6月15日2 目录一、职称英语报考指南1二、职称英语考试技巧5三、阅读练习682 一、职称英语报考指南·报名时间　　每年11月中下旬(双休日除外)，逾期不再补报。·考试时间　　全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试一般为每年4月的第二个星期日举行·考试级别/适用范围　　以下是全国职称外语等级考试级别划分及适用范围，请大家根据自己的职称英语要求选择报考。　　考试等级申报职称职称系列A级B级C级　　高校教师教授、副教授讲师　　自然科学研究与社会科学研究研究员、副研究员助理研究员社会科学研究（研究员、副研究员第二外语）　　卫生技术（医、药、护、技）主任医(药、护、技)师副主任医(药、护、技)师⑴主治(管)医(药、护、技)师⑵在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报正、副主任医（药、护、技）师，在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报主治（管）医（药、护、技）师。　　工程技术高级工程师（含教授级高级工程师）⑴工程师⑵在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报高级工程师（含教授级高级工程师）116 ⑵在县及县以下所属单位工作的人员申报工程师。　　农业技术农业技术推广研究员高级农艺师农艺师　　实验技术　高级实验师实验师　　中学教师　　中学高级教师　　中等专业学校教师　高级讲师讲师　　技工学校教师　高级讲师（高级实习指导教师）讲师　　经济专业高级国际商务师高级经济师国际商务师经济师助理国际商务师　　会计专业　高级会计师会计师　　统计专业　　　高级统计师统计师　　审计专业　高级审计师审计师　　体育教练员国家级教练高级教练一级教练　　工艺美术专业　高级工艺美术师工艺美术师　　翻译专业　译审、副译审（第二外语）翻译（第二外语）　　播音专业播音指导主任播音员一级播音员　　新闻专业高级记者(高级编辑)主任记者(主任编辑）记者（编辑）　　艺术（广播电视艺术）艺术一级艺术二级、主任舞台技师艺术三级、舞台技师　　出版专业编审副编审编辑（一级校对）　　文博专业、图书资料专业、档案专业研究馆员副研究馆员馆员　　公证员一级公证员二级公证员三级公证员　　律师一级律师二级律师三级律师116 ·报考类别的选择　　综合类，理工类，卫生类考试原则上没有严格的界限。综合类文章可以考到理工类去，理工类可以考到卫生类和综合类。三类考试之间没有严格界限区分。国家在每位考生评定职称的时候，到底要求是理工类成绩，卫生类成绩，基本上国家还没有明确规定。假如你评定主任医师，卫生类职称，你可以考综合类，也可以考卫生类。严格意义上没有很严格的要求。到底决定报综合类，理工类，还是卫生类，有两个依据。首先问一下自己单位的人，要评定职称要报什么类比较合适。如果单位没有明确要求和规定的话，可以根据自己的现实情况选择，如果工作中接触的文章都是理工类的文章，那就报理工类。假如接触的文章是社会类文章，那就报综合类。·免考规定　　取得外语(从事翻译工作人员及外语教师第二外语)专业专科及以上学历的人员申报中、高级职称评审;获得博士学位申报高级(含正高级)职称评审;获得硕士学位申报中级职称评审;留学回国人员首次参加职称评审;申报副高级职称评审时已取得职称外语合格证书(含1977年底前参加工作人员外语成绩达到45分)的人员申报正高级职称评审;参加《全国工商企业出国培训备选人员外语考试》，通过中(Ⅰ)级者申报中级职称评审，通过高(A)级者申报高级职称评审等五类考生可免职称外语等级考试。116 　　凡参加国家人事部和北京市人事局组织的各类专业技术资格考试和职(执)业资格考试取得资格证书的人员，聘用单位可根据岗位需要自主决定对应聘人员的外语水平要求。凡实行考评结合的系列(专业)及体育教练员、工艺美术、广播电视艺术、技校高级实习指导教师系列(专业)，外语考试成绩可不作为申报条件，其合格成绩或当年考试成绩作为职称评审的要素之一。·注意事项　　为了保证报考信息的准确采集和处理，报考人员在报名和考试时要注意以下事项：　　1、根据各省市人事厅(局)考试中心发布的报名程序和要求，到指定的报名点领取报名表。如果规定实行光电阅读器--计算机自动采集报名信息，还要领取报名信息卡和《报考手册》。由单位集体组织报名的，应按本人所在单位规定的具体程序报考。　　2、如实、准确、工整地填写报名表中的各有关项目，并由所在单位加盖公章。使用报名信息卡的，除按要求填写报名表外，还应严格按照《报考手册》中规定的填涂工具和填涂要求，认真、准确添涂好报名信息卡。报名表和报名信息卡填好后，应认真检查，确保报名的填写和报名信息卡的填涂准确无误。3、携带报名表、报名信息卡、照片、身份证和其它所需证件到报名点办理报名手续，报名点发给每一报考人员一个报名序号，该报名序号应保存好，以备后用。116 二、职称英语考试技巧给大家说说关心的“字典”问题：针对职称英语考试中的第一部分词汇题，我建议大家带一本同义词词典（双解词典），这类词典的特点是用几个同义词注解某一英文单词，大家可以非常方便地在注解中找到答案。有了字典，又该如何查呢？我经常听到有学员在答疑室中说：某某单词在字典里查不到，其实不是字典里没有，而是他们不会查，最常见到的情况有两种：第一种：分不清单词词性；如：1.Beforeleavingthehouse,sheclosedthewindows.2.Sheisclosetosuccess.两句话里都有close，但是词性不同，第一句话里的是动词，因为有形式上的变化（-ed）；而第二句话里的close跟在is的后面，而且形式上没有变化，因此判断为形容词。当寻找他们的同义词时，应针对不同的词性加以判断。这一点对于大家来说非常重要！第二中：分不清划线单词是原形，现在分词或过去式：如：Hersisterurgedhertoapplyforthejob.(P602)advisedB.causedC.forcedD.promised如果去字典里查urged,当然是查不到的。Ticketsarelimitedandwillbeallocatedtothosewhoapplyfirst.(P461)postedB.SentC.handedD.Given116 接下来，我们一起练几题，大家可以八仙过海各显神通，看谁做得又快又好！1.　Practicallyallanimalscommunicatethroughsounds.A．ClearlyB．AlmostC．AbsolutelyD．Basically2.Thestorywasverytouching.A．InspiringB．BoringC．MovingD．absorbingYoushouldhaveblendedthebutterwiththesugarthoroughly.A．SpreadB．MixedC．BeatenD．covered4.Iwon’ttoleratethatkindofbehaviour.A.bear　　B.accept　　C.admit　　D.take5.Theindexisthegovernment’schiefgaugeoffutureeconomicactivity.A.method　　B.measure　　C.way　　D.manner阅读理解常用提问方式1.有关主旨题的提问方式：1)Themain（主要的）idea（思想，主意）ofthispassage（文章）is…2)Whichofthefollowing（下列的）statements（句子）bestexpresses（表达）themainideaofthepassage?3)Thepassagemainlydiscusses（讨论）…4)Thispassagemainlydealswith（涉及）…116 5)Theauthor’spurpose（意图）inwritingthispassageis…6）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.有关细节题的提问方式：1）Somepeopledosth.because____________?2）Accordingtothepassage,wecanknowthat___________.3）What…?Which…?Who(Whom)…?When(Whattime)…4）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueexcept...?Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentioned?Whichofthefollowingismentioned?WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?3.有关词语释义题的提问方式：1)Theword“…”inline（行）…refersto(指)…2)Inparagraph4,“it”referto(means)………4.有关推理判断题的提问方式：1)Itcanbeinferred(推断)fromthepassagethat….2)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred?3)Itcanbeconcluded(结论)fromthepassagethat….5.有关作者观点意图题的提问方式：116 1)Theauthor’smain（主要的）purpose(目的)inthispassageis….2)Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageis….3)Inthispassagetheauthor’sattitude（看法）couldbest..4)Theauthor’smainthought（思想）isthat…众所周知，阅读理解题的成败关乎到考试能否及格，所以一定要掌握好的解题方法，在大家词汇量都不是很多的情况下，方法就显得极其重要！阅读理解例题：例一：LightNight，DarkStars1.Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsidetogazeattheirnightsky．Onaclearnight，withnoclouds,moonlight，orartificiallightstoblocktheview，peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky，saysDennisWard，anastronomerwiththeUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder，Colo．Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedbycitylights．hesays，they’reluckytosee150stars．2.Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance,you’vewitnessedlightpollution．Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights，officebuildings，signs，andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminatesthenightsky．ThishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth．Evenatnight，bigcitieslikeNewYork116 glowfromlightpollution,makingstargazingdifficult。3.Dustandparticlesofpollutionfromfactoriesandindustriesworsentheeffectsotlightpollution．“Ifonecityhasalotmorelightpollutionthananother，”Wardsays，“thatcitywillsuffertheeffectsoflightpollutiononamuchgreaterscale．”4.Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.5.Citiesaregettinglarger．Suburbsaregrowinginoncedark，ruralareas．Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuringtilefaintlightgivenoffbydistantstars．Andifscientistscan'tlocatetheseobjects，theycan’tlearnmoreaboutthem．6.Lightpollutiondoesn’tonlyaffectstarvisibility．Itcanharmwildlifetoo．It’sclearthatartificiallightcallattractanimals，makingthemgooffcourse”．There’sincreasingevidence．Forexample,thatmigratingbirdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreausJr.,ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina．“Whenlightoccursatnight,”hesays,“ithasaverydisruptiveinfluence．”Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers，highrises，andcablesfromradioandtelevisiolltowers．Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.1.Whencanpeoplesee14000stars?116 AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope．BWhentheyareinalargecity．CWhenthenightskyisclearofclouds，moonlightandartificiallights．DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog．2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTrelatedtolightpollution?AAhazeoflightformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlightsandbuildinglights．BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminatethenightsky．CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesinthenight．DStargazingbecomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhazeintheair．3.Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers’work?Whydoeshethinkso?AYes．Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights．BNo．Becausetheycanstillseestarsinruralareas．C.Yes．Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudystars。D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenonaclearnight4.Howdoeslightpollutiotlaffectwildlife?WhichofthefollowingisNOT116 correct?A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights．B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstogointocities．C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway．DAttractedbyartificiallights，birdsflyintolightedbuildings．5．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothetitle”LightNight，DarkStars”?A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack．B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark．C.Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible．DCitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky．先理解标题，推测文章内容：LightNight，DarkStars。没有生词，明亮的夜晚，昏暗的星空。只是看题目，还不易推测出文章的主要内容，因此，要快速浏览全文，看能否找到出现频率较高的词或短语，它们有可能就是文章的核心！大家看到了我用黑线标出了出现频率最多的短语：lightpollution.所以可以推测文章的内容和光污染有关。接下来判断所给5题的题型，我们发现1至4都是细节题，因此只需要找到关键词逐一回答即可。而第5题是主旨题，而且是最后一题，所以要等文章读完后最后做。1.Whencanpeoplesee14000stars?AWhentheyhaveafairlygoodtelescope116 当他们有一个非常不错的望远镜．BWhentheyareinalargecity当他们在大城市时．CWhenthenightskyisclearofclouds，moonlightandartificiallights当夜空中没有云、月光和人造灯光时．DWhenthenightskyiswithouthazeandfog当夜空没有阴霾和大雾时．分析：关键词很容易找14000stars，在第一段出现了该词：Thousandsofpeople（数以千计的人）aroundtheglobe（世界上）stepoutside（走出去）togazeat（凝视）theirnightsky．Onaclear（晴朗的）night，withnoclouds,moonlight，orartificial（人造的）lightstoblock（遮挡、挡住）theview，peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky(答案C)，saysDennisWard，anastronomer（天文学家）withtheUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder，Colo．Butwhenpeoplearesurrounded(被。。。包围)bycitylights．hesays，they’reluckytosee150stars．补充：请注意短语：beclearofsth:无阻碍、障碍、危险如：Waituntiltheroadisclearoftrafficbeforecrossing.(等到路上没车时再过马路。)2．Whichofthefollowingstatements(叙述)isNOTrelatedto（同。。。有关）lightpollution?AAhazeoflightisformedfromartificiallightssuchasstreetlightsandbuildinglights116 （阴霾的光是由人造光而形成的，如路灯和建筑物的光）．BLightsfromdifferentsourcesinthecitystreamintospaceandilluminatethenightsky来自于不同来源的光进入太空并照亮了夜空．CThenightskyisilluminatedbythelightsfrombigglowingcitiesinthenight夜空由晚上大城市发出的光照亮．DStargazing（star+gazing观望星星）becomesdifficultbecausethereisalayerofhazeintheair由于空气中有一层霾，所以观望星星变得困难．分析：本题的关键词是lightpollution,而且按照题目的题号应该在文章的前面，所以从第二段找找看：Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance（答案C）,you’vewitnessed（见证、目睹）lightpollution．Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights，officebuildings，signs，andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminatesthenightsky（答案A,B表述）．ThishazeoflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth．Evenatnight，bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollution,makingstargazingdifficult（请注意这句话并不是答案D，他们不同，该句是说：甚至在晚上，许多像纽约这样的大城市所产生的灯光使观望星星变得困难。）所以，D的表述同光污染没有关联。3.Doesthewriterthinkgrowingcitiesaffectastronomers’work?Why116 doeshethinkso?AYes．Becausetheoncedarkruralareasarepollutedbylights因为曾经黑暗的乡村地区被光污染了．BNo．BecausetheyCallstillseestarsinruralareas．C.Yes．Becauseruralareasarenotagoodplaceforastronomerstostudystars因为乡村地区不是一个好的研究星星的地方。D.No.Becausefaintlightgivenoffbystarscallstillbeseenonaclearnight分析：题目是说：不断扩大的城市会影响天文学家的工作吗？为什么他会这样认为？在A答案中我们可以看到线索词：polluted和lights.所以，根据阅读的规律，只要和线索词有关的答案，多半就是最终答案。如果大家想检查答案是否正确的话，也可以带着关键词astronomers去找答案：Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.通过对句子的分析，排除答案B，D.留下A，C.在接下来的段落中可以对答案加以判断：Citiesaregettinglarger．Suburbs（郊区）aregrowinginoncedark，ruralareas．Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuring(使。。。变得模糊)thefaint（微弱的）lightgivenoffbydistantstars．Andifscientistscan'tlocate（确定。。。的位置）theseobjects，theycan’tlearnmoreaboutthem．116 总结：做阅读理解时大家需要牢牢抓住文章的中心或核心词，只要被选项中有核心内容的出现就可以推测为正确答案！4.Howdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife?WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?A.Animalsmaygooffcourseduetotheattractionofartificiallights由于受到人造光的吸引，动物们可能偏离航向．B.Animalsmightbeattractedbyartificiallightstogointocities．动物们可能会受到人造光的吸引而进入城市C.Artificiallightsatnightmaymakemigratingbirdslosetheirway．夜间的人造光可能会使迁徙的鸟类们迷路DAttractedbyartificiallights，birdsflyintolightedbuildings．由于受到人造光的吸引，鸟类飞进有光的建筑物里。分析：题目是说：光污染是如何影响野生动物？下列哪个说法不正确？关键词就是wildlife,在最后一段里，可以找到内容：Lightpollutiondoesn’tonlyaffectstarvisibility．Itcanharmwildlifetoo．It’sclearthatartificiallightcallattractanimals，makingthemgooffcourse”（答案A）．There’sincreasingevidence．Forexample,thatmigratingbirdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreausJr.,ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina．“Whenlightoccursatnight,”hesays,“ithasaverydisruptive（破坏性的）influence（答案C）．”Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers（答案D），highrises，andcablesfromradioandtelevisioll116 towers．Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.所以，答案B并未提到。5．Whichofthefollowingisclosest(最接近的)inmeaning（意思）tothetitle"LightNight，DarkStars"?A.Thenightskyislightcoloredandstarsareblack夜空是浅色的而星星是黑色的．B.Lightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark光显现在夜晚而在黑暗中人们看见星星．C.Citieslightsillunfinatethenightskyandmakestarsinvisible城市的灯光照亮了夜空而使得星星已经无法看见．DCitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky．夜晚的城市的灯光照亮了天空中的星星。分析：本题是唯一的一道主旨题，所以需要纵观全文。通过我们对前4题的解答，完全可以判断出文章的主题就是说：由于不断扩大的城市，越来越多的城市灯光，已经成为一种污染，使得天空中的星星黯然失色，所以答案就是C。例二：DecliningInterestinDevelopingForeignLanguageSkills1.Australia’sforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,voiceofAmericahasreported.Newfiguresshowthatonly13percentofhighschool116 graduatescanspeakaforeignlanguage.Butfourdecadesago,40percenthadforeignlanguageskills.2.ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,saysincreasinglystudentsdonotfeeltheneedtolearnanotherlanguagetoboosttheircareer.ShebelievesthatAustralia’seconomicboom,whichisdrivenbyred-hotdemandforitsminerals,ishelpingmaskseriousdeficienciesinitslanguageskills.3.AustraliadoesbusinessverysuccessfullyinEnglishwithmostofitstradingpartners.Butastheworld’seconomicpowershiftstoemergingregionssuchasAsia,itslanguagegapcouldsoonbeexposed.Accordingtothenewfigures,lessthan6.5percentofhighschoolgraduatesareproficientinanAsianlanguage.AcademicsworrythatthismeansAustraliawillincreasinglybeisolatedfromitseconomicallyimportantAsianneighbors.DilipDutta,fromtheeconomicsandbusinessfacultyatSydneyUniversity,sayslanguageskillscanenhancetradingopportunities.IfAustralianswanttotradewithAsiancountries,itisveryimportantforthemtolearnthelanguagethatwillhelpthemtogetclosertotheculture.4.ButstudentshavedifferentopinionsaboutAsianlanguagelearningPippaMcCowage,a22-year-oldAustralianstudent,saysmanyyoungAustralianshaveahalf-heartedapproachtoforeignlanguages,andthelanguagecurriculumisoftenweak.“Whilewe’reencouragedinhigh116 schooltolearnanotherlanguage,it’snotreallyapparenttomeasarealisticexpectationthatyouwillhavetospeakit,”saidMcCowage.“Forexample,IlearnedJapaneseinhighschool,whenIwentonanexchangeinYear10,IfoundthattheJapanesestudentsofmyagehadamuchgreaterproficiencyinEnglishthanIdidinJapanese.Sointhatsense,italmostdiscouragesyou.5.Atpresent,about70percentofAustralia’smajorexportsgotoAsiaandtheAustraliangovernmenthasbeenkeenondevelopingclosereconomicanddiplomatictieswithAsia.Academicssaythat,asAsiabecomesoneoftheworld’seconomicpowerhouses,Australianeedstoimproveitslanguageskillsifitistotakefulladvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesonitsdoorstep.1.Howmuchpercentofhighschoolgraduateswereproficientinforeignlanguagesfortyyearsago?A.70.B)13.C)40.D)6.5.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A)Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.B)Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.C)AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsiancountries.D)Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeignlanguage.3.WhatdoesDilipDuttathinklanguageskillscando?116 A.Improveyourrelationwithyourpartner.B.Helpsettleinternationalconflicts.C.Removebarriersinnegotiations.D.Increasetradingopportunities.4.WhyhastheAustraliangovernmentbeenkeenlyinterestedinstrengtheningtieswithAsia?A)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliaislocated.B)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustralia’smajorexportsgo.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliansgoandspendtheirholidays.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliacanplayabigroleininternationalaffairs.5.Theword"faculty"inparagraph3canbereplacedby_______.A)college.B)institute.C)university.D)department.解题目：Declining衰退的Interest兴趣inDeveloping发展、开发ForeignLanguage外语Skills技能，所以串在一起可以将之理解成：逐渐丧失提高外语技能的兴趣。通过理解题目，我们可以推测一下，在文章中foreignlanguages和declininginterest应是核心词。接下来，来看5道题的题目，对出题方式加以判断：1，3，4都是细节题，而2题是推断题；5题是词语释义题。针对不同出题方式的题目要以不同的方法加以应对。116 1.Howmuchpercent百分数ofhighschoolgraduates（高中毕业生）wereproficient（精通的）inforeignlanguagesfortyyearsago（40年前）?A)70.B)13.C)40.D)6.5.分析：这是细节题，关键词：highschoolgraduates，fortyyearsago。位于第一题的位置，所以答案应该来源于第一段：Australia’sforeignlanguageskillsaredeclining,VoiceofAmericahasreported.Newfigures(数字)showthatonly13percentofhighschoolgraduatescanspeakaforeignlanguage.Butfourdecades(一个decade是10年)ago（40年前）,40percenthadforeignlanguageskills（答案的出处）.2.Whatcanbeinferred（推测出）fromparagraph2?A)Australiahasrichdepositsofminerals.（澳大利亚有丰富的矿藏）B)Australiaisessentiallyaself-sufficientcountry.C)AustraliahasnointentiontotradewithAsiancountries.D)Australianstudentsarenotrequiredtolearnaforeignlanguage.分析：题目中有infer，所以该题是推断题。因此，需要读第二段，寻找核心内容，主要是要找到关键句：ProfessorEliseTipton,fromtheUniversityofSydney,saysincreasinglystudentsdonotfeeltheneedtolearnanotherlanguagetoboosttheircareer.ShebelievesthatAustralia’seconomicboom（经济的繁荣）116 ,whichisdriven（受到驱动）byred-hot（非常有活力的）demand（要求）foritsminerals矿物（核心词）,ishelpingmask掩盖seriousdeficiencies不足initslanguageskills.注意：一般发现A、B、C、D四个选项中，哪个选项出现中心词，一般该选项就是正确答案。3.WhatdoesDilipDuttathinklanguageskillscando?A.Improveyourrelationwithyourpartner.B.Helpsettleinternationalconflicts.C.Removebarriersinnegotiations.D.Increasetradingopportunities.分析：这是一道标准的细节题，中心词就是：DilipDutta。带着它，我们可以在第三段里搜索到相关的语句：DilipDutta,fromtheeconomiceandbusinessfacultyatSydneyUniversity,sayslanguageskillscanenhancetradingopportunities（答案D出处！）.IFAustralianswanttotradewithAsiancountries,itisveryimportantforthemtolearnthelanguagethatwillhelpthemtogetclosertotheculture.4.WhyhastheAustraliangovernment（澳大利亚政府）beenkeenly（强烈地）interestedinstrengthening（加强）ties（联系）withAsia（亚洲）?116 A)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliaislocated.B)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustralia’smajorexportsgo.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliansgoandspendtheirholidays.C)BecauseAsiaiswhereAustraliacanplayabigroleininternationalaffairs.分析：从题目的类型来说，一定是细节题，找到核心词：Australiangovernment，keenlyinterestedin，tieswithAsia。我们会发现核心词没有出现在第四段中，而在最后一段中出现了：Atpresent,about70percentofAustralia’smajorexports（主要的出口货物）gotoAsiaand（该词相当于so,因果关系连词）theAustraliangovernmenthasbeenkeenondevelopingcloser（亲密的）economic（经济的）anddiplomatic（外交的）tieswithAsia（答案出处）.Academicssaythat,asAsiabecomesoneoftheworld’seconomicpowerhouses（支柱）,Australianeedstoimproveitslanguageskillsifitistotakefulladvantageofthebusinessopportunitiesonitsdoorstep.5.Theword"faculty"inparagraph3canbereplacedby_______.A)college学院.B)institute学会、研究所C)university大学.D)department系.分析：这是一道词语释义题。大家可以查字典，也可以根据单词出现的前后文来判断：DilipDutta,fromtheeconomics（经济学）andbusiness（贸易）facultyatSydneyUniversity,116 。。。因为后面有...university,因此自然想到是大学里的“系”。例三：OlderVolcanicEruptions1.Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywerebigger,butbecausethecarbondioxidetheyreleasedwipedoutlifegreaterease.2.PaulWignallfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetweenvolcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflargenumbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoremoredamagetheyseemedtodo.Hecalculatedthe“killingefficiency”forthesevolcanoesbycomparingtheproportionoflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflavathattheyproduced.Hefoundthatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.3.ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarmingthatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarinegenera116 atthetime,andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60millionyearsago,therewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsofyears.“Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,”Wignallsays.Heignoredtheextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.HethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.4.VincentCourtillot,directoroftheparisGeophysicalInstituteinFrance,saysthatWignall’sideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhardtodothesesortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthatthekillingpowerofvolcaniceruptionsdependsonhowlongtheylasted.Anditisimpossibletotellwhetherthehugeblastslastedforthousandsormillionsofyears.Healsoaddsthatitisdifficulttoestimatehowmuchlavaprehistoricvolcanoesproduced,andthatlavavolumemaynotnecessarilycorrespondtocarbondioxideemissions.1.Whydidoldervolcaniceruptionsdomoredamagethanmorerecentones?A.Becausetheykilledofflifemoreeasily.B.Becausetheywerebrighter.116 C.Becausetheywerelarger.D.Becausetheywerehotter.2.HowdidWignallcalculatethekillingpowerofthoseoldervolcaniceruptions?A.Byestimatinghowlongtheylasted.B.Bycountingthedinosaurstheykilled.C.Bystudyingthechemicalcompositionoflava.D.Bycomparingtheproportionoflifewipedoutwiththevolumeoflavaproduced.3.Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?A)300millionyearsago.B)250millionyearsago.C)60millionyearsago.D)65millionyearsago4.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3concerningdinosaurs?A)Theywerekilledoffbyanasteroid.B)Theydiedofdrasticclimatechange.C)Theywerewipedoffbyavolcaniceruption.D)Thecauseoftheirextinctionhasremainedacontroversialissue.5.Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?A)Volcaniceruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.B)Oldervolcaniceruptionsweremoredestructive.116 C)Carbondioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.D)Itisnoteasytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcaniceruption.解标题：OlderVolcanic（火山的）Eruptions（喷发）本文讲的是远古火山喷发,所以oldervolcaniceruptions应是核心词。1.Whydidoldervolcaniceruptionsdomoredamagethanmorerecentones?（为什么远古火山喷发比近期喷发损害更大？）A.Becausetheykilledofflifemoreeasily.B.Becausetheywerebrighter.C.Becausetheywerelarger.D.Becausetheywerehotter.分析：细节题。第一题，一般在开头段落寻找答案。Volcanoesweremoredestructive（更具有破坏性的）inancienthistory（在古代的劳历史中）,notbecause（不是因为）theywerebigger,butbecause（而是因为）thecarbondioxide（二氧化碳）theyreleased（他们所释放的，定语修饰前面的thecarbondioxide）wipedout擦去、抹去life生命greaterease（更容易）.句子是说：古代的火山更具杀伤力，不是因为它们更大，而是因为它们释放出来的二氧化碳更容易把人杀死。所以答案A表述的内容同本段相符。116 2.How（如何，询问方式）didWignallcalculate（计算）thekillingpower（杀伤力）ofthoseoldervolcaniceruptions?A.Byestimatinghowlongtheylasted.通过估计他们持续多长时间。B.Bycountingthedinosaurstheykilled.通过数死去的恐龙的的数量C.Bystudyingthechemicalcompositionoflava.通过研究熔岩的化学构成。D.Bycomparingtheproportionoflifewipedoutwiththevolumeoflavaproduced.通过比较火山释放出的熔岩的体积与杀死生命的比例。分析：毫无疑问这是细节题，核心词就是人名：Wignall。PaulWignall（核心词出现了，接下来的内容请大家注意了！！！）fromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetweenvolcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflargenumbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamagetheyseemedtodo.He（代指Wignall）calculatedthe“killingefficiency（功效）forthesevolcanoesbycomparing（比较）theproportion（比例）oflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflava（熔岩)thattheyproduced.(答案出处！)Hefoundthatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.116 3.Whendiddinosaursbecomeextinct?恐龙什么时候灭绝的？A)300millionyearsago.B)250millionyearsago.C)60millionyearsago.D)65millionyearsago分析：这是标准的细节题，核心词：dinosaursbecomeextinct。而且这题的特点就是数字，所以在接下来的段落中大家要用笔标出所见到的数字加以判断！ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago（答案B，但和dinosaursbecomeextinct没有关系，不是答案！）,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockinSiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope.Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide.Theglobalwarmingthatfollowedwipedout80percentofallmarinegeneraatthetime,andittook5millionyearsfortheplanettorecover.Yet60millionyearsago（答案C，但和dinosaursbecomeextinct没有关系，不是答案！）,therewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobalwarmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsofyears.“Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,”Wignallsays.Heignoredtheextinction（该词是extinct的同根词，所以含义应是一样的！）whichwipedoutthedinosaurs(核心词露面了！)65millionyearsago116 （这是答案D，所以这就是我们所要找的！！！）,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.HethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.4.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3concerning（关于、涉及到）dinosaurs?A)Theywerekilledoffbyanasteroid（小行星）.B)Theydiedof（死于）drastic（急剧的）climatechange.C)Theywerewipedoffbyavolcaniceruption.D)Thecauseoftheirextinctionhasremainedacontroversial（有争议的）issue.分析：题目就告诉我们这是一道推断题，是第三段。这是一道比较难的题目。需要大家要读懂句子，还要有推理能力：相关的句子：“Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,”Wignallsays.Heignored（忽略、忽视）theextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaurs65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.Hethinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedto（更好的适应）dealingwithincreasedlevelsofCO2.主要句子是说：Wignall116 忽略了6千5百万年前恐龙的灭绝是否跟火山爆发有关，而其他很多科学家都认为恐龙的灭绝是受一颗小行星的影响。这就可以说明科学家们关于恐龙灭绝的原因是由争议的，因此选择D。5.Whatisthemainthesisofthearticle?（文章的主要论点是什么？）A)Volcaniceruptionsarenotalwaysdeadly.B)Oldervolcaniceruptionsweremoredestructive.C)Carbondioxideemissionsoftengiverisetoglobalwarming.D)Itisnoteasytocalculatethekillingpowerofavolcaniceruption.分析：通过题目分析这是一道主旨题。相当于在文章里寻找中心句。其实文章第一段就是中心：Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory,notbecausetheywerebigger,butbecausethecarbondioxidetheyreleasedwipedoutlifegreaterease.做完型填空的技巧：我们一般认为完型填空题属于送分题，因为考题通常是从当年教材所给出的文章中挑选一篇直接出题。但需注意在考题设置时并不是原封不动将原文搬过来，而出题点和空格的设置都会有变化，这就说明平时在做题时不要背答案，而且要把文章中所有的单词尽可能都弄明白，否则送分题也有可能成为丢分题。因此，我在这里建议大家在复习时要紧扣教材，不要在从外面找不相关的题做，这样是一点帮助也没有的！完型填空，旨在考察综合运用英文能力，考题主要从3个方面设计：1）词法结构2）语法结构116 3）前后逻辑关系。词法上考查实词（动/名/形容词）比例高于虚词（副/介词）。另外还有多义词/短语；短语的固定搭配等等。那么，在大家做完型填空题时最好能在文章标题的指引下，先通读全文，对文章大意有个了解，接下来在细读这个环节中才会有的放矢，而不会像没头苍蝇瞎蒙乱猜。最后一遍是查读，顾名思义，边检查边读，将一些拿不定主意的最后确定下来，这样效果会最佳。完型填空答题思路：1.分析文章标题，了解文章主题，确认文章主题词；2.对比被选项，推测答案可能出自的范围；3.关注空格两端结构，借助空格所在的局部搭配结构及搭配语意判断答案；例题分析：GunRightsintheUSImmediatelyaftertheshootingatVirginiaTechUniversity,Americansgatheredtomournthedead.Thepresidentandthestategovernorbothhurriedtheretosharethe___1.ButthemajorityofAmericansstillclingtotheirrightto___2weapons.Strictlyspeaking,theUSisnottheonlycountry___3gunviolencehasdestroyedlives,familiesandcommunitiesineverydaycircumstance.ButtheUSisoneofthe4countriesthatseemsunwillingandpoliticallyincapableofdoinganythingserioustostopit.116 IncountrieslikeBritainandCanada.thegovernmentadoptedstricter5controlsoonafterseriousgunviolenceincidents.USleaders,however,areheld6bythegunlobbyandtheelectoralsystem.ThepowerfulNationalRifleAssociation,themajorsupporterofgun7intheUS,istoostrongforanypartytotakeon.MostRepublicansopposeguncontrolsanyway.8theyears,theDemocratshavefoundthattheycaneithercampaignforguncontrolorwinpower,not9;theypreferpower.AccordingtotheUSBureauofJusticeStatistics,firearmincidentsaccounted10ninepercentofthe4.7millionviolentcrimesin2005.So,althoughopinionpollsshowmostAmericanswantstrictergunlaws,manydon'twanttogiveuptheirarmsthey11toprotectthemselves.DaveHancock,aVirginiagunlover,isoneexample.Inaninterviewhesaid."IfoneprofessorinVirginiaincidenthadbeencarryingalegalweapontheymighthavebeenableto12allthis."Inhisopinion,themassacreisanargumentformorepeopletocarry,weapons,notfewer.ButattherootofAmericans'clingingtotherighttobeararmsisnotjustafearofcrime,butamistrustof13,commentedUK'sGuardiannewspaper.116 OneVirginiaresident,whohadapermittocarry;aconcealedfirearm,toldtheGuardianthinitwas14American'sresponsibilitytohaveagun."Eachperson,”hesaid,“shouldnotrelysolely15thegovernmentforprotection.”1.A)ceremonyB)funeralC)tearsD)grief2.A)makeB)ownC)destroyD)trade3.A)whileB)whichC)whereD)that4.A)fewB)someC)muchD)little5.A)rifleB)knifeC)bulletD)gun6.A)prisonerB)hostageC)personD)home7,A)fireB)attacksC)rightsD)violence8.A)OverB)SinceC)TillD)Until9.A)bothB)eitherC)eachD)oneI0.A)ofB)offC)forD)out11.A)hideB)buyC)sell116 D).keep12.A)controlB)stopC)handleD)treat13.A)governmentB)guardsC)studentsD)professors14.A)manyB)fewC)everyD)all15.A)onB)inC)atD)from理解文章题目：Gun(枪支)Rights（权利）intheUS在美国私人持枪不仅是合理的，而且是合法的，持枪被认为是美国人民的基本权利之一。私人拥有大量枪支给社会带来了一系列的问题，枪支泛滥，枪杀不断。但由于历史和现实的因素，美国的枪支的管制问题却非常困难。当我们大家读读文章第一段后，看到了theshootingatVirginiaTechUniversity（弗吉尼亚理工大学），马上会回想起曾经发生在2007年4月16日美国弗吉尼亚理工大学的一起由一位韩国学生所制造的有32名遇难者的校园枪击惨案。所以可以推测本文是由那起事件所引发的对美国人枪支拥有权的反思。接下来，我们要逐句进行阅读，尤其要注意句与句之间的联系！另外，这是一篇向大家推荐的重点文章，所以，我还会预测有可能设置考点的一些词、短语，请大家注意！116 1.Immediatelyaftertheshooting（枪击）atVirginiaTechUniversity,Americansgathered（聚集）tomourn（哀悼）thedead.分析：这是文章第一句，交代了写这篇文章的背景：弗吉尼亚理工大学的枪击案刚发生后，许多美国人聚集在一起为死者进行哀悼。2.Thepresident（总统，应该是布什。）andthestategovernor（州长）bothhurried（匆忙地前往）theretoshare（分享）the___1.A)ceremony仪式、典礼B)funeral葬礼C)tears眼泪D)grief忧伤、悲伤分析：前句提到，人们聚集在一起为死者默哀，因此，后句应该是：总统和州长匆匆前往与大家同悲。Share是分享的意思，我们可以说sharesth(分享一件东西)，也可以说：sharehappiness(分享快乐)，即，跟他人有同样的感情。所以，本题应选：grief=sadness,sharegrief(同其他人一样感到伤心，难过)。注意：本题还可以设置的考点有：hurried,share.3.Butthemajority（大多数）ofAmericansstillclingto（坚持、拒绝放弃）theirright（权利）to___2weapons（武器）.A)make制造、生产B)own拥有C)destroy毁坏D)trade做生意、做买卖116 分析：单纯从四个所给答案和weapon的关系来说，够可以构成搭配，但切记一定找注意文章的内容，他们的关系才是最重要的！尤其是but,尽管由于拥有枪支而发生这些令人伤心的事件，但是大多数美国人仍然不愿意放弃拥有武器的权利，所以应选择填own..另外，本题还可以设置的考点有：majority,right.4.Strictlyspeaking（从严格意义上来说，）theUSisnottheonlycountry（唯一的国家）___3gunviolence（枪支暴力）hasdestroyed（毁灭）lives（生命）,familiesandcommunities（社区）ineverydaycircumstance（在每天的情况下）.A)whileB)whichC)whereD)that分析：从所给的四个选项来看，它们都是从句连词，因而关键要判断出，横线后面是一个什么样的从句，横线前面的句子是说：美国不是唯一的一个国家_____每天，枪支暴力已经毁灭了许多的生命、家庭和社区。从他们的关系，可以看出，后面的句子是一个定语从句，修饰country,而在后面的句子中，应该是inthecountry,所以，选择关系副词where=inwhich.另外，有可能出现的考点：only,destroyed5.ButtheUSisoneofthe4countriesthat(引导定语从句)seems（仿佛）unwilling（不情愿）andpolitically（从政治上讲）incapableof（不能够）doinganythingserious（严肃的、认真的）tostop(阻止、制止)it（代指前面的gunviolence）.116 A)few很少的，主要用来修饰可数名词B)some一些，可数、不可数均可修饰C)much很多的，修饰不可数名词D)little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词分析：首先，划线部分需要填一个可以修饰可数名词countries的词，所以可以排除C，D.开头的but表示语义的转折，所以应该填few.意思是说：尽管美国每天都在发生枪支暴力事件，但美国似乎是不情愿，而且从政治上也无法采取严格措施来制止此类事件发生的少数不多的国家之一。另外，有可能出现的考点：that,incapable,it.6.Incountrieslike(像)BritainandCanada.thegovernmentadopted（采纳、采取）stricter（更加严格的）5control（控制）soonafterseriousgunviolenceincidents（严重的枪支暴力事件）.A)rifle来福枪B)knife小刀C)bulle子弹D)gun枪支分析：由于前后文的关系，应选择D，它也是本文的核心词，线索词。guncontrol就是枪支管理。7.USleaders（领导人）,however,areheld6bythegunlobby（枪支院外活动集团）andtheelectoralsystem（选举制度）.A)prisoner囚犯B)hostage人质C)person人D)home家116 分析：本题是考察动词和名词打搭配关系，tobeheldhostage意思是：将某人扣为人质。整个句子是说：美国领导人受制于枪支院外活动集团和选举制度。8.Thepowerful（强有力的）NationalRifleAssociation（国家来福枪协会）,themajorsupporter（支持者）ofgun7intheUS,istoostrongforanypartytotakeon（对付）.A)fire火B)attacks攻击、袭击C)rights权利D)violence暴力分析：在考虑这个空格时，大家别忘了本文在讨论“枪支拥有权”的问题，因此直接选择填入rights，即可。（注意，任何时候别偏离文章的主题！）9.MostRepublicans（共和党人）oppose（反对0guncontrolsanyway（无论如何）这是一个承上启下的句子，所以不设置空格，但需要理解。10.8theyears,theDemocrats（民主党人）havefoundthattheycaneithercampaign参加。。。活动forguncontrolorwinpower赢得权利,not9;theyprefer（更喜欢）power.A)Over在。。。期间，后接段时间B)Since自从，后接点时间116 C)Till直到D)Until=till，后接点时间both两者都B)either两者当中任何一个C)each每一个D)one一个分析：将整个句子连载一起，意思应是：在这几年里，民主党人已经发现他们要么参与活动执行枪支管制，要么赢得权利，不能两者同得，而他们更喜欢权利。8空后面的theyears是一个段时间概念，因此只能和over搭配，表示：在这几年里。后面是说不能同时既执行枪支管制，又得到权利，所以应选both，不是二者同时得到，在这种情况下，他们更喜欢权利。本题有可能设计到的其他考点：either...or,prefer11.AccordingtotheUSBureauofJusticeStatistics（美国司法统计局）,firearm（=gun）incidentsaccounted10ninepercentofthe4.7millionviolentcrimesin2005.A)ofB)offC)forD)out分析：句子是说：根据美国司法统计局，在2005年全国发生的470万暴力犯罪事件中枪支暴力？90%。该空格应填“占据、占有”。我们知道account和for搭配表示“占据”，所以，选择C。本题有可能设计到的其他考点：account12.So,although(尽管)opinionpolls（民意调查）showmostAmericanswantstrictergunlaws,manydon'twanttogiveup（放弃）116 theirarmsthey11toprotect（保护）themselves.A)hide藏B)buy买C)sell买D).keep保留分析：所给的四个动词中，只有keep是状态动词，本句应选择填状态动词，13.DaveHancock,aVirginiagunlover（枪支爱好者）,isoneexample.接下来，要举例了！14.Inaninterview（采访）hesaid."IfoneprofessorinVirginiaincidenthadbeencarrying（带着、拿着）alegal（合法的）weapon，theymighthavebeenableto12allthis."A)control控制B)stop制止C)handle处理D)treat对待、治疗分析：本句的if条件句，用了虚拟语气，表示一种没有成为现实的假设。即，如果在弗吉尼亚事件中，有一位教授当时带着一支合法的枪支的话，他们就有可能制止这一切的发生。所以，根据语义，应该填入stop,另外有可能出现的考点：interview,legal.15.Inhisopinion(依他看),themassacre（大屠杀）isanargument（争论）formore（更多的）peopletocarry,weapons,notfewer116 （更少的）.16.Butattheroot（根本、根基）ofAmericans'clingingtotherighttobeararmsisnotjust（不仅仅）afearofcrime（害怕犯罪）,but（而且）amistrust（不信任）of13,commented（发表评论）UK'sGuardiannewspaper（英国卫报）.A)government政府B)guards守卫C)students学生D)professors教授分析：解出本题的关键就是mistrust，意思是不信任，不相信。所以应选A.17.OneVirginiaresident(居民),whohadapermit（许可证）tocarryaconcealed（被隐藏的）firearm,toldtheGuardianthatitwas14American'sresponsibility（责任）tohaveagun.A)many许多的B)few几乎没有的C)every每一个D)all所有的分析：本题的句意简单，但在选择填空时需要注意名词的单复数形式，横线后面是American's,是单数概念，所以应选C，everyAmerican'sresponsibility(每个美国人的责任)另外有可能出现的考点：who,permit,have.18."Eachperson(该词，可以证明，前一个空是正确的！),”hesaid,116 “shouldnotrelysolely（仅仅）15thegovernmentforprotection.”A)onB)inC)atD)from分析：本题考点简单，rely只能和on构成搭配关系，意思是：依赖于，依靠于。。。最后一句是说：每个人都不仅仅依靠政府来保护大家。（言外之意，应拥有武器自己保护自己。）做阅读判断题的方法：阅读判断和阅读理解，同样都需要阅读文章来选择答案或者是进行判断。阅读判断，不同于阅读理解，除了将文章读完，找到题目对应的答案所在句之外，还需要将这个题目在原文中的句子和题目进行比较，最终得出是正确还是错误。其中，A答案是正确，B答案是错误，而难点在于除了正确和错误之外，多了一个C，未提及。请注意：对于考生而言，职称英语考试的时间非常紧张，阅读判断题型不适合先阅读文章后做题，而应当先阅读题目后看文章，这样便于节省时间。在阅读时注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。一般而言，第一题的答案应在文章的前部，第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。总的来说，靠前边的题在靠前边的段落寻找答案；反之亦然。这个规律也有助于同学们确定答案的位置。“没提到的出题形式”：1.问题句中的信息内容根本没有在文章中出现；116 2.问题句中的部分信息内容（部分词语或结构）在文章中出现了，但根据文章中涉及到这些词语的句子无法判断问题句的说法是“正确”还是“错误”，则只能判断该问题句为“没提到”。我们一般建议各位考生：在没有时间答题的情况下全选“正确”，或全选“错误”得2-4分；TheNeedtoRemember1.Somepeoplesaytheyhavenomemoryatall：“Ijustcan’trememberathing!”Butofcourseweallhaveamemory．Ourmemorytellsuswhoweare．OurmemoryhelpsUStomakeuseinthepresentofwhatwehavelearntinthepast．2.Infactwehavedifferenttypesofmemory．Forexample，ourvisualmemoryhelpsusrecallfactsandplaces．Somepeoplehavesuchastrongvisualmemorythattheycanrememberexactlywhattheyhaveseen，forexample，pagesofabook，asacompletepicture．3.Ourverbal(言语的)memoryhelpsusrememberwordsandfigureswemayhaveheardbutnotseenorwritten：itemsofashoppinglist，achemicalformula，dates，orarecipe．4.Withouremotional(情感的)memory,werecallsituationsorplaceswherewehad；strongfeelings，perhapsofhappinessorunhappiness．Wealsohavespecialmemoriesforsmell，taste，touchandsound，andforperformingphysicalmovements．5.Wehavetwowaysofstoringanyofthesememories．Ourshort-term116 memorystoresitemsforuptothirtyseconds-enoughtorememberatelephonenumberwhilewedial.Ourlong-termmemory，ontheotherhand，maystoreitemsforalifetime．Olderpeopleinfacthaveamuchbiterlong-termmemorythanshort-term．Theymayforgetwhattheyhavedoneonlyafewhoursago，buthavetheclearestremembrance(记忆)ofwhentheywereveryyoung．6.Psychologiststellusthatweonlyrememberafewfactsaboutourpast，andthatweinventtherest．Itisasthoughwerememberonlytheoutlineofastory．Wethenmakeupthedetails．We0ftendothisinthewaywewanttorememberthem，usuallySOthatweappearastheheroesofourownpast，ormaybevictimsneedingsympathy(同情)．16.Visualmemoryhelpsusrecallaplacewehavebeento.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.VisualmemorymaybeusedwhenwereadastoryA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.VerbalmemoryhelpsusreadwordswehaveneverheardA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.EmotionalmemoryisusedwhenweperformphysicalmovementsA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Animalsdonothavealong-termmemoryA.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Long—termmemoryismoreimportantthanshort-termmemory．116 A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.Generallywerememberonlyafewfactsaboutthepast．A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned通过题目了解文章大意：TheNeed（需要，名词）toRemember（记住、记忆，动词不定式做定语，修饰TheNeed），所以通过该题目我们可以得知，短文内容有两层：一：谈记忆；二：为什么记忆重要。带着对主题的理解，在做阅读判断时就不会迷失方向。16.Visual(视觉的、视力的)memory（记忆、记忆力，名词）helpsUSrecall（回忆）aplacewehavebeento（我们曾经去过的一个地方）.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned分析：找到关键词：visualmemory，在第二段中找到相关句子的表述：ourvisualmemory（题目中的核心词）helpsusrecall（回忆）facts（事实）andplaces（地点）．通过上述内容的表述，我们知道：人的视觉记忆能够帮助我们回忆起一些事实和地点。所以，题目的意思和文中的意思相吻合，判断为正确。17.Visualmemorymaybeused（能够被使用）whenwereadastory。A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned116 分析：这句话仍然是在说视觉记忆，所以还应该在刚才的段落里找相关的句子加以判断：Somepeoplehavesuchastrong（强大的）visualmemorythattheycanremember记住exactly准确地whattheyhaveseen，forexample，pagesofabook，as（作为）acomplete（完整的）picture（图画）．意思是：有些人有如此强大的视觉记忆以至于他们能够准确地记住他们所看见的东西（过目不忘！），如：能够将所看过的书形成一幅完整的图画。这就说明当我们阅读书籍时人们的视觉记忆的确很重要，能够被人们加以利用，所以，判断答案是正确的。18.Verbal(言语的、语言的)memoryhelpsusread（读）words（词）wehavenever（从不）heard（听到）。A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned分析：核心词是：Verbalmemory,带着它在文中找到相应的句子：Ourverbal(言语的)memoryhelpsusrememberwordsandfigures（体形、人影、数字）wemayhaveheardbutnotseenorwritten：items（物品）ofashoppinglist（购物单），achemicalformula（化学公式），dates日期，orarecipe药方．116 该段文字是说：我们的言语记忆能帮助我们记住我们可能听到的但是没有看见或写过的词和数字，如：一张购物单里所列出的商品，一个化学公式，日期或者一个药方。而题目的内容则是说：语言记忆能帮我们读我们从没听到的词。显然，这与文章的含义是完全不同的，因此答案是wrong.19.Emotional（情感的）memoryisusedwhenweperform（做、执行、履行、表演）physical（身体的）movements（活动）。A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedWith（至于）ouremotional(情感的)memory,werecallsituations（情景）orplaceswherewehad；strongfeelings（强烈的感情），perhapsofhappiness（开心）orunhappiness（不开心）．Wealsohavespecial（特殊的）memoriesforsmell，taste，touchandsound，andforperformingphysicalmovements．20.Animalsdonothavealong-termmemory(长期记忆)。A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned分析：该句意思是说“动物没有长期记忆。”关键词是：long-termmemory.在第五段中我们发现谈到了长期记忆和短期记忆。但没有讲到动物是否具有长期记忆，所以，判断为：Notmentioned。21.Long—termmemoryismoreimportantthanshort-termmemory．A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned分析：本题意思是：长期记忆比短期记忆更重要。和上一题一样，我们在第五段中没有看到相关的信息，所以应属“没提到”类型。因此选择C。116 22.Generally（一般说来）werememberonly（仅仅）afew（几个、一些）factsaboutthepast（过去）．A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned分析：该题是最后一题，我们通常情况下应从最后一段寻找线索：Psychologists（心理学家）tellusthatweonlyrememberafewfactsaboutourpast（和题目的内容表述一致！），andthatweinvent（虚构、编造）therest．两段内容完全一致，所以判断是A。接下来，要向大家介绍概括大意与完成句子题：通常情况，文章难度低于阅读理解部分的文章难度.文章结构通常为说明文或论述文.该部分题通常是从书外出题.对于该部分试题，首先在做题的时候应该明确，本题分为两个部分，考查的重点也各有不同。概括大意考查总结文章主要意思的能力，做题方法比较单一，对大家难度不大；完成句子考查的是文章细节，具体的考点有：1、利用回文定位快速查找答案的能力；2、利用paraphrase，根据同义替换和句意转换，确定与文章细节意思一致的表述。特殊句子结构：however,but,ontheotherhand,nevertheless,although,though,evenif(表示转折或让步语意)；therefore,thus,accordingly,so,consequently,hence,asaresult(表示结果)；ingeneral,generally,inaword,tosumup,in116 conclusion(表示总结概括)段落标题还往往有一个特点，即：选出的小标题里一般应该包含了指定段中的某个出现频率较高的某个词或主题句中的中心词或以其的另一种词性出现，如：原文中的某个核心动词在标题句中是以其名词的形式出现的，这一线索也是帮助我们正确和快速解题的关键。例题分析：WaystoReduceExposuretoAirPollution1Areportpublishedrecentlybringsbadnewsaboutairpollution．Itsuggeststhatitcouldbeasdamagingtoourhealthasexposuretotheradiationfromthe1986Ukrainenuclearpowerplantdisaster．ThereportwaspublishedbytheUK’SRoyalCommissiononEnvironmentalPollution．Butwhatcancitypeopledotoreduceexposuretoairpollution?Quitealot，itturnsout．2Avoidwalkinginbusystreets．Choosesidestreetsandparksinstead．Pollutionlevelscanfallaconsiderableamountjustbymovingafewmetersawayfromthemainpollutionsource—exhaustfuries(废气)．Alsodon’twalkbehindsmokers．Walkonthewindward(顶风的)sideofthestreetwhereexposureofpollutants(污染物)canbe50percentlessthanonthedownwind(顺风的)side．3Siftingonthedriver’Ssideofabuscanincreaseyourexposureby10percent，comparedwithsittingonthesiderealestthepavement．Siftingupstairsonadouble—decked(双层电车)canreduceexposure．Itisdifficulttosaywhethertravelingonanundergroundtrainisbetterorworsethantakingthebus．Airpollutiononundergroundtrainstendstobelesstoxic(有毒的)thanthatatstreetlevel，becauseunderground116 pollutionismostlymadeupoftinyironparticles(粒子)thrownupbywheelshittingtherails，whilediesel(柴油机)andpetrolfumeshaveamixtureofpollutants．4Whenyouarecrossingaroad，standwellbackfromthecurb(路缘)whileyouwaitforthelighttochange。Everymeterreallydoescountwhenyouareclosetotraffic．Asthetrafficbeginstomove，fumescanbereducedinjustafewseconds。Soholdingyourbreathforjustamomentcanmakeadifference，eventhoughitmightsoundsilly．5Therearelargesuddenpollutionincreasesduringrushhours．Pollutionlevelsfallduringnighttime．Thetimeofyearalsomakesabigdifference．Pollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowestduringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest．Extremecoldorhotweatherhasatrappingeffectandtendstocauseabuild—upofpollutants．23Paragraph2_________24Paragraphs3_________25Paragraph4_________26Paragraph5________AWhenyougetupBWhereyoustandwhilewaitingtocrossaroadCWhereyouwalkDWhereyousitonabusandhowyoutravelEWhenyougoto116 bedFWhenpollutionlevelsriseandfall27Airpollutioncanbeasharmfultoone'shealth___________28Travelingonanundergroundtraincanreduceexposure___________29Pollutionlevelsarelower__________30It'swisetostayawayfromheavytraffic____________AonthedownwindsideBduringrushhoursCinspringandautumnDtotoxicairEbetweenautumnandwinterFasexposuretonuclearradiation先解题目：Ways（方法）toReduce（减少）Exposure（接触）toAirPollution（空气污染）通过对题目的分析，可以了解到在接下来的文章里会有两方面的内容：（1）空气污染；（2）较少接触污染的几种方法23到26题是要求概括出第二至第五段大意。看选项：AWhenyougetup你什么起来起床BWhereyoustandwhilewaitingtocrossaroad当你等着过马路时你站在哪里CWhereyouwalk你走在哪里116 DWhereyousitonabusandhowyoutravel在公共汽车上你坐哪里，你如何旅游、行驶、行走EWhenyougotobed你什么时候上床睡觉FWhenpollutionlevelsriseandfall什么时候污染的水平上升，下降接下来，让我们一起读第二段：Avoid（避免）walking（走）inbusy（忙碌的、繁华的）streets．Choose（选择）sidestreets（辅路）andparksinstead（相反）．Pollutionlevels（程度、水平）canfall（下降）aconsiderable（相当大的、相当多的）amount（数量）justbymoving（移动）afewmeters（几米）awayfrom（远离）themainpollutionsource（主要的污染源）—exhaustfuries(废气)．Alsodon’twalkbehindsmokers（不要走在吸烟者后面）．Walkonthewindward(顶风的)sideofthestreetwhere（引导定语从句）exposureofpollutants(污染物)canbe50percentlessthan（少于）onthedownwind(顺风的)side．分析：通过阅读该段，我们可以发现关键词是walk，在段落中出现过三次。除此之外，我们还会看到：busystreets,sidestreets,parks,onthewindwardsideofthestreet,onthedownwindside，如上的词都是表示地点，所以总而言之，该段是告诉我们走在什么地方会减少接触空气污染，因而答案C符合它的意思。第三段：116 Sittingonthedriver’ssideofabuscanincrease(增加)yourexposureby10percent（你接触污染会增加10%），comparedwith（同。。。相比）sittingonthesidenearest（最靠近）thepavement(人行道)．Sittingupstairs（在楼上）onadouble—decked(双层电车)canreduce（减少）exposure．It（由it引导的形式主语句）isdifficulttosaywhether（是否）travelingonanunderground（地底下的）trainisbetterorworse（好还是不好）thantakingthebus．Airpollutiononundergroundtrainstendsto（往往会）belesstoxic(有毒的)thanthat（比较级中常用的代词，代指前面出现过的名词，相当于airpollution）atstreetlevel，becauseundergroundpollutionismostly(主要的)madeupof（由。。。组成）tiny（微小的）iron（铁）particles(粒子)thrownup（词组，产生、引起）bywheels（轮子）hitting（撞击、碰撞）therails（铁轨、轨道），while（而）diesel(柴油机)andpetrol（汽油）fumes（烟、气）haveamixture（混合物）ofpollutants（污染物）．分析：通过对这段内容的阅读，可以看出分两个部分，前一部分是讲当你在公共汽车上应该坐在什么位置才会减少接触污染物，和动词sit有关；第二个部分是说出门出门选择交通工具也要考虑接触污染物多或是少的问题，和动词travel有关。综合两个部分内容，应该是答案D（Whereyousitonabusandhowyoutravel在公共汽车上你坐哪里，你如何旅游、行驶、行走）表述的内容。补充：116 出现在文中的重点短语：comparedwithsth同。。。相比较如：Comparedwiththosepoorpeople,weareveryhappy.同那些贫穷的人们相比，我们非常幸福！tendtodosth倾向于。。。往往会。。。常常会。。。如:Itendtogotobedearlierinwinter.我冬天往往会睡得较早。bemadeupof由。。。组成、构成如：Societyismadeupofpeopleofdifferentabilities.社会是由具有各种不同能力的人构成的。第四段：（中心句）When（当。。。时候，引导时间状语从句）youarecrossingaroad（过马路），standwellback（往后、向后）fromthecurb(路缘)whileyouwaitfor（等候、等待）thelight（红绿灯）tochange（变化）。Everymeterreallydoes（助动词，表示强调，的确）count（有重要性、有价值）whenyouarecloseto（离。。。近）traffic（来来往往的车辆）．As（当）thetrafficbeginstomove（移动），fumes（烟、气）canbereducedinjustafewseconds（几秒钟内）。Soholdingyourbreath（屏住呼吸）forjustamomentcanmakeadifference（有影响、有作用），eventhough（即使，表示让步状语）itmightsound（听起来）silly（愚蠢的）．分析：该段有明确的topicsentence,116 即第一句，通过阅读该句，我们已经明白是说当我们过马路时（背景），该如何减少接触污染。后面内容是具体阐述。所以该段大意就是BWhereyoustandwhilewaitingtocrossaroad当你等着过马路时你站在哪里。第五段：Therearelargesudden（突然的）pollutionincreases（增加）duringrushhours（高峰时间）．Pollutionlevelsfall（下降）duringnighttime．Thetimeofyearalsomakesabigdifference（产生很大的差异）．Pollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowest（处于最低期）duringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest（最清新的、清洁的）．Extreme（极其的）coldorhotweatherhasatrapping（吸存）effect（影响）andtendstocause（导致、引起）abuild—up（增长、上升）ofpollutants．分析：阅读此段可以看出主要意思是有关在一天当中或一年当中什么时候污染物的量较大，什么时候较少。所以应该选择FWhenpollutionlevelsriseandfall什么时候污染的水平上升，下降。小结：至此为止，前一部分概括大意我们就完成了。其实，如果是聪明的学员的话经过这一遍的阅读应该已经抓住了文章的大意，在做后一部分题时就会减少难度。116 Ø完成句子题解题步骤：来源：考试大1．仔细观察被选项的结构特点和内容组成；2．直接借助空格处的搭配结构特点或搭配语意解题；3．先按照上述方法做容易做的题，这样可以缩小答案选择范围；4．借助题干中的核心词/特征词作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句，确认文章中的直接/间接答案相关句，借助句意确认答案。来看题目和被选项：27Airpollutioncanbe（可能）as（解题关键词）harmful（有害的）toone'shealth（健康）___________28Travelingonanundergroundtrain（主语部分，乘坐地下火车旅行）canreduce（减少）exposure（接触，注意该词的用法是解题关键）___________29Pollutionlevelsarelower（较低的）__________30It'swise（明智的）tostayawayfrom（远离）heavytraffic（众多的车辆）____________Aonthedownwindside在顺风这边（地点状语）Bduringrushhours在高峰时间（时间状语）Cinspringandautumn在春天和秋天（时间状语）Dtotoxicair对于有毒的空气（介词短语）Ebetweenautumnandwinter在秋季和冬季之间（时间状语）Fasexposuretonuclearradiation就像接触核辐射（比较状语，尤其注意as）116 27题的关键是考察大家是否熟悉一个比较级句型：as...as.因为在题干中已经有了一个as,因此对该句型很熟悉的同学会很快对出后半段as....,所以选择答案F。我们不妨把整个句子完整地读一下，来看意思上是否通顺：Airpollutioncanbeasharmfultoone'shealthasexposuretonuclearradiation。意思是：空气污染对一个人健康的害处跟核辐射的害处一样。我们可以确定F就是27的答案。28题的关键是考察:大家是否已经掌握了exposure和介词to的搭配。我们追根溯源，exposure的字根是exposesb/sthto...(使。。。暴露于。。。，使。。。接触。。。)如：WeshouldexposeourselvestomoreEnglishknowledge.我们应该使自己多接触英语知识。所以，只要注意到这一固定用法，就会选择答案D。将整个句子完整地读读：Travelingonanundergroundtraincanreduceexposuretotoxicair。意思：坐地下火车旅行能够减少接触有毒的空气。本句的意思也符合第三段的意思，所以为正确答案。补充：116 这里还要特别提醒大家，这里的to是介词，不是动词不定式，判断的依据是后面单词的词性，介词后面通常跟介词或名词；而不定式后则必须跟动词原形。请区别下面例句中的to的用法：1.Iwanttopasstheexam.Iamlookingforwardtoyourletter.Iamusedtotheweatherhere.Idecidetostudyharder.Pleasepayattentiontoreducingpressurebeforeexam.结论：大家有答案了吗？下面我们一起来看看吧！1，4两题中的to是不定式，因为它们后面跟的是动词原形；而2，3，5中的to是介词，因为后面跟着名词，以及动词ing形式（只要是介词后面加动词就必须用ing形式！）29题的解题关键是将文章的意思同句子结构结合在一起来解决。大家还记得刚才我们在分析文章最后一段时有这样一句话：Pollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowestduringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest．由此，可以推断C比较符合，而且该时间状语放在句尾也符合句子的构成需要。完整地读读看：Pollutionlevelsarelowerinspringandautumn。意思是：在春季和秋季污染程度较低。30题116 是最后一题，解题时既可以直接解题，也可以间接解出答案。直接解题，就是带着关键词去文章的相关段落找答案，在讲解第五段时我们就介绍过在高峰时段污染程度是非常高的，所以应避免。若通过间接的方式解题就更简单些，我们在前面已经确定了C,D,F,分别是27，28，29的答案，只剩下A,B,E了。其中A是地点状语，而本句缺时间状语，排除A，E答案在文中并未被提及，所以也被排除，只剩下B答案了。无论直接解题还是间接解题都确定答案为B。将两部分连在一起读读看：It'swisetostayawayfromheavytrafficduringrushhours。意思是：在高峰时期远离众多的车辆是明智的。最后一题就是补全短文。该题出现在试卷的第五部分；一篇短文中有5个空格，分别是五句被删掉的句子，从下面6个选项中找出5个分别填在空格中使文章完整。此题不易作的原因有二：1）它不仅要求较高的阅读能力，还要具备良好的逻辑推理能力；2）6选5的题其中必然有一个选项是干扰选项，如果考生不幸将其作为答案填入则意味着至少要丢4分（每空2分）。因此，我们答题时必须遵循先易后难的步骤进行。假设有2个空实在找不出答案，在剩余的2个选项中选择一个同时填入两个空格，能确保其一正确.补全短文解题思路：1．读文章标题，了解文章主题（提示：如果被选项偏离文章主题，则该被选项成为答案的可能性较小）116 2．仔细读被选项，体会被选项之间在语意，在用词，在结构上的相互关系（答案往往出自有关系的被选项中）3．找出被选项中的典型篇章词汇（人称代词，指示代词，定冠词结构）---判断答案选项的关键；4．如果被选项中出现了“we（us，our，ours）”或“you（your，yours）”这样的人称代词，这样的词汇在上下文的使用中应该是一致的。5．如果被选项出现时态差异，则时态是一个重要的解题线索（提示：相邻语句使用的时态一致（基调时态）：同为现在时态或同为过去时态；但是，如果一个句中带有自己的时间状语，则其可以使用自己独特的时态，而不受所在句群的基调时态的影响）6.空格前句如果是观点句,则空格处常常出现用于解释论证的例子或解释性的话语;空格前句如果是概括句(讲述一种通常的情况,往往出现some,most,afew,generally,usually等词语),则空格处可能会出现转折句,或出现解释性的话语.例题分析：CanadaIkea：WhataGreatPlaceforYoutoShopTherearemanydifferentstoresthatpeoplegotoinordertobuyvarioushouseholdgoods______(46)TheCanadaIkea(宜家)isnotconfinedtoonecityaloneinthatcountry．Instead，youwillfindtherearemanydifferentbranchesspreadoutinmanydifferentLocalities。116 AswithalloftheIkeastorestheCanadaIkeadealsmainlywithsellingtopqualitySwedishfurniture________(47)Onefacet(方面)oftheCanadaIkeathatitscustomerswilllikeisthatthestorehastheabilityofcatering(迎合)totheirEnglishspeakingcustomersaswellastheirFrenchcustomers。TomakeshoppingforfurnitureandothergoodseasytheIkeastoresineverycountryareallsetoutinthesamemanner________(48)AsaresultofthistheCanadaIkeaisonethatitslocalandforeigncustomersenjoyvisiting。Tohelpmakeiteasyforyoutoshopfortheitemsthatyouwanttherearelargeblueandyellowbagsorshoppingcartsavailable_______(49)。Asyouwanderthroughthestoreyouwillfindmanyinterestingitemsthatyoucanuseforyourhomeorevenoffice．Withtheseproductsyouwillhaveabeautifulhousethatyoucanlivecomfortablyin.______(50)TheCanadaIkeaisagreatplaceforyoutoshop。A.Thisfurnitureisdesignedtoprovidethehomeownerwithstylish(时髦的)furniturethatisalsoaffordableandperfectforeverydayuse．B.WithsomanyitemstobefoundyouaresuretowanttobuyeverythingthatcatchesyourfancyC.Thesebagsandcartsareperfectforthemanydifferentlampshades．cushions(垫子)，bedlinens(亚麻布)，toysandothermediumto116 smallsizedobjectsthatyouwant．D.Thismakesitveryeasyforvisitorsfromothercountriestobuytheitemstheyneedwithoutwanderingaroundthestoretryingtofindtheirgoods．E.OnesuchstorethatyoucanfindinmanydifferentcountriesincludingthatofCanadaisthatoftheIkeachainofstores．F.ThelargersizedobjectsaredisplayedintheshowroomsoftheCanadaIkeaStores.先理解标题，了解文章大意：Canada（加拿大）Ikea（宜家）：What（感叹句引导词）aGreat（不错的）PlaceforYoutoShop（购物）可以看出在接下来的文章里将会告诉我们：加拿大宜家有哪些优势才会让人觉得是一个很不错的购物场所。阅读选项，了解他们的意思：Thisfurniture（家具）isdesigned（被设计）toprovide（提供）thehomeowner（拥有人）withstylish(时髦的)furniturethat（引导定语从句）isalsoaffordable（买得起的）andperfect（最佳的、理想的）foreverydayuse．B.Withsomanyitems(商品、物品)tobefound（被找到）youaresure116 （肯定的）towanttobuyeverythingthat（引导定语从句）catchesyourfancy（短语：吸引你、合你的心意）。C.Thesebagsandcarts（手推车）areperfectforthemanydifferentlampshades(灯罩)．cushions(垫子)，bedlinens(亚麻布)，toysandothermedium（中号的）tosmallsizedobjects（物品）that（引导定语从句）youwant．D.Thismakesitveryeasyforvisitors（游客）fromothercountries（来自于其他国家）tobuytheitemstheyneedwithoutwanderingaround（四处逛）thestoretryingtofindtheirgoods（物品、商品）．E.Onesuch（代词，这样的、如此的）storethat(引导定语从句，修饰store)youcanfindinmanydifferentcountriesincluding（包括）that（代词，指代store）ofCanadaisthatoftheIkeachainofstores（连锁商店）．F.Thelargersizedobjects（尺寸较大的物品）aredisplayed（展示）intheshowrooms（商品陈列室）oftheCanadaIkeaStores.分别来看含有空格46到50的句子：第一段：116 Therearemanydifferentstoresthat（引导定语从句）peoplegotoinorderto（为了）buyvarious（各种各样的）householdgoods（家居品）。______(46)TheCanadaIkea(宜家)isnotconfinedto（局限于）onecityalone（仅仅）inthatcountry．Instead（相反），youwillfindtherearemanydifferentbranches（分店）spreadout（分布于）inmanydifferentlocalities（位置、地点）。分析：整个这一段的层次是分明的，第一句是中心句，意思是说：为了买到各种各样的家居品，人们可以去很多不同的商店。接下来是46空。特别需要注意的是在该空格后就介绍了加拿大宜家的特点。所以，通过这些线索我们可以断定46空应该提及了加拿大的宜家，后来才会继续加以介绍。综上所述，选项E是适合该空的答案：Onesuch（代词，这样的、如此的）storethat(引导定语从句，修饰store)youcanfindinmanydifferentcountriesincluding（包括）that（代词，指代country）ofCanadaisthat(指代store)oftheIkeachainofstores（连锁商店）．。另外，代词such在解题时也很关键。如：Hetoldusaboutthejobhehadleft.Suchinformationwasjustweneeded.(他告诉我们他刚辞去的工作的情况。这些信息正是我们所需要的。)第二段：AswithalloftheIkeastorestheCanadaIkeadealsmainly（主要地）with（处理、应对）sellingtop（最高的、最好的）quality116 （质量、品质）Swedishfurniture（瑞典家具）。________(47)。Onefacet(方面)oftheCanadaIkeathat（引导定语从句）itscustomers（顾客们）willlikeisthat（引导表语从句）thestorehastheability（能力）ofcatering(迎合)totheirEnglishspeaking（说英语的）customersaswellas（以及）theirFrenchcustomers。分析：47空前一句的意思是：和所有其他的宜家一样，加拿大的宜家主要出售高质量的瑞典家具。根据正常的写作方法我们可以推测，接下来，将会谈到的内容应该具体提到与家具有关的内容，所以，浏览所给的几个选项，唯有A是在描述家具特点：Thisfurniture（家具）isdesigned（被设计）toprovide（提供）thehomeowner（拥有人）withstylish(时髦的)furniturethat（引导定语从句）isalsoaffordable（买得起的）andperfect（最佳的、理想的）foreverydayuse．第三段：To（为了）make（使得）shoppingforfurnitureandothergoods（其它的商品）easy（容易）theIkeastoresineverycountryareallsetout（布置、摆放）inthesamemanner（用同样的方法）______(48)Asaresultofthis（由于这一点），theCanadaIkeaisonethatitslocal（当地的）andforeign（外国的）customersenjoyvisiting（喜欢参观）。分析：还是先要关注48空前面一句的内容：为了使销售家具和其它商品变得容易，每个国家的宜家都以同样的方式摆放商品。我们看到在剩余的几个选项中，唯有D和前文的内容存在着联系：116 This（指示代词，指代前面的内容，解题关键！）makesit（形式宾语）veryeasyforvisitors（游客）fromothercountries（来自于其他国家）tobuytheitemstheyneedwithout(没有，不用)wanderingaround（四处逛）thestoretryingto（努力）findtheirgoods（物品、商品）．大家还要后面那句话和前一句的关系：正是由于这一点，加拿大宜家是无论当地游客还是外国游客喜欢参观的一个地方。这样，整个一段读下来就是浑然一体。我们也可以看出该段主要讨论了宜家的销售为什么受欢迎的原因。补充：对大家理解文章比较重要的搭配：Makestheasy:使。。。容易如：HavingmorewordscanmakelearningEnglisheasy.(有更多的单词能够使学英语变得容易。)wanderaround=wanderabout四处逛Inthesamemanner=inthesameway用同样方式，方法第四段：To（为了）helpmakeiteasyforyoutoshopfortheitems（商品）that（引导定语从句）youwant，therearelargeblueandyellowbagsorshoppingcartsavailable（可用的、可得到的）_______(49)。116 分析：49空的答案在选择时，大家还是要注意前一句的意思：为了方便你购得想要的商品，在宜家顾客可以得到很多大的，蓝色的，黄色的购物袋或者购物车。关键词就是：bags和shoppingcarts.接下来这一句，也应该有这些关键词，所以剩余的选项中只有C提到了购物袋和购物车：Thesebagsandcarts（手推车）areperfectforthemanydifferentlampshades(灯罩)．cushions(垫子)，bedlinens(亚麻布)，toysandothermedium（中号的）tosmallsizedobjects（物品）that（引导定语从句）youwant．第五段：As（当）youwanderthrough（四处逛）thestoreyouwillfind（发现）manyinterestingitems（有趣的物品）that（引导定语从句）youcanuseforyourhomeorevenoffice．Withtheseproducts（物品、商品）youwillhaveabeautifulhousethat（引导定语从句）youcanlivecomfortably（舒适地）in。______(50)TheCanadaIkeaisagreatplaceforyoutoshop。分析：最后一段是说：当人们在宜家闲逛时，人们会发现很多有趣的适合于家庭或办公室的物品，有了这些物品，你就会有一所可以舒适地生活于其中的房屋。所以，我们可以顺着这条线索推测下去，这样的物品毫无疑问会吸引人们。在剩余的两个答案中，只有B适合于该空：Withsomanyitems(商品、物品)tobefound（被找到）youare116 sure（肯定的）towanttobuyeverythingthat（引导定语从句）catchesyourfancy（短语：吸引你、合你的心意）。三、阅读练习第一篇Sino-JapanAnimosityLessensChineseandJapanesepeoplevieweachotherslightlymorepositivelythanlastyear,accordingtoasurveyreleasedonWednesdayatapressconferenceinBeijing.ThesurveyisjointlysponsoredbyChinaDailyandGenronNPO1,aJapanesethinktanksimilartotheAmericanCouncilonForeignRelations.ItalsofoundoverwhelmingagreementinbothcountriesthatSino-Japaneserelationswereimportant.ThesurveyisapartoftheBeijing-TokyoForum,anannualgatheringofseniorgovernmentofficialsandrepresentativesfromChineseandJapaneseNGOs2designedtoimprovecommunicationandunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.Conductedeveryyearforfiveyearsnow,thesurveyfocusedontwodifferentgroupsofpeople:ordinarycitizens,andintellectuals.InChina,theintellectualgroupwascomprisedmainlyofuniversitystudentsfromwell-known116 schoolslikePekingUniversity.InJapan,the"intellectual"groupwasmainlymadeupofpreviousmembersofGenronNPO.AmongordinaryChinesepolled,35.7percentsaidtheyhave"verygood"or"relativelygood"impressionsofJapan,a5.5-percentage-pointincreasecomparedwithlastyear.45.2percentofChinesestudentshadapositiveimpressionofJapan,twopercentagepointsmorethanlastyear.Only26.6percentofJapanesehaveapositiveimpressionofChina,however.Still,anoverwhelmingmajorityoftherespondentsfromeachcountrysaidSino-Japaneserelationswere"important"andwantedtheirleaderstodeepentalksandcooperationwitheachother.But51.9percentofordinarypeopleand42.4percentofstudentsinChinasaidtheysawnochangeinrelationsbetweenthetwocountriesoverthelastyear.InJapan,64.8percentofthoseordinarypeopleand53.4percentofintellectualssurveyedsharedtheviewthattherewasnoimprovementinbilateraltiesthisyear.Historicalissuesandterritorialdisputesremaintwomajorobstaclestoimprovingbilateralrelations,thesurveyfound.WhatconcernstheChinesemostarehistoricalissues,visitsbyJapaneseofficialstoYasukuniShrine3,andthe116 NanjingMassacre.Perceptionsoneconomicandtraderelationshaveimproved,though.About47percentofordinaryJapanesesaidChinahadbeen"helpful"thisyearinfightingtheglobaleconomiccrisis,comparedwithjust30percentlastyear.ThepercentofJapaneseintellectualswhosaidChineseeconomicgrowthwasgoodforJapanincreasedfrom65.8percentto81.4percentthisyear.CooperationinEastAsianissues,tradeandinvestment,energy,andtheenvironmentandclimatechangetopthelistofcommonconcernsthatpeopleinChinaandJapanwanttheirleaderstotalkaboutinbilateralmeetings,thesurveyfound.Civilexchangeswereregardedbythemostpeoplefromthebothcountriesasanimportantwaytoimproverelations.90.7percentofthestudentsand85.7percentoftheordinarypeopleinChinaand95.8%ofintellectualsand74.8%oftheordinarypeopleinJapanviewedcivilexchangesas"important"or"relativelyimportant".ChineseandJapanesebothlearnabouteachother'scountriesmostlythroughtelevisionnewsandnewspapers,thesurveyfound.词汇：116 animosityn.憎恶；敌意；仇恨massacren.大屠杀overwhelmingadj.压倒性的，势不可挡的bilateraladj.有两边的；（两党、两国等）双边的注释：1.NPO：是英文"non-profitorganization"的缩写，直译为"非营利性的组织"。2.NGO：是英文"non-governmentorganization"的缩写，直译为"非政府组织"。3.YasukuniShrine靖国神社。练习：1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesurveyistrue?A)ThesurveywasconductedonWednesdayatapressconferenceinBeijing.B)ThesurveyisjointlysponsoredbyyChinaDaily,GenronNPOandtheAmericanCouncilonForeignRelations.C)ThesurveyfoundthatpeopleinbothChinaandJapangenerallyagreethattherelationshipbetweenthetwocountriesisimportant.D)Thesurveymainlyfocusedontwodifferentgroupsof116 people:ordinarycitizens,andtheuniversitystudents.2.Accordingtothepassage,theBeijing-TokyoForumA)isheldeveryyearinBeijing.B)aimsatpromotingcommunicationbetweenthetwocountries.C)mainlyattractsrepresentativesfromthegovernmentsofthetwocountriesD)releasesasurveyonSino-Japaneserelationeveryfiveyears.3.Inthelastyear,________%ofordinaryChineseand________%ofChinesestudentshaveapositiveimpressionofJapan.A)35.7;45.2B)51.9;42.4C)5.5;26.6D)30.2;43.24.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthemajorobstaclestoimprovingbilateralties?A)territorialdisputesB)tradefrictionsC)visitsbyJapaneseofficialstoYasukuniShrineD)theNanjingMassacre116 5.ThesurveyfoundthatA)mostJapanesehadgoodorrelativelygoodimpressionsofChina.B)thebilateralrelationshipwasperceivedasbeingimprovedoverlastyearbythemajorityofrespondentsfromthebothcountries.C)anoverwhelmingmajorityoftherespondentsfromeachcountrybelievedthattheCivilexchangeswereanimportantwaytoimproverelations.D)Theterritorialissuerankedamongthetoplistofcommonconcernsthatpeopleinbothcountrieswanttheirleaderstotalkaboutinbilateralmeetings.答案与题解：1．C从第二段最后一句话可知，中日两国民众普遍认为两国之间的关系很重要。2．B第三段明确表示，论坛的宗旨是为了增进两国之间的沟通和理解。3．D第五段中说本年度普通中国人和大学生中对日本印象较好的人所占比例分别为35.7％和45.2％，分别比上一年度增长5.5个百分点和2个百分点，因此可以计算出去年普通中国人和大学生对日本持积极态度的百分比分别为30.2％和43.2％。116 4．B第八段列出了阻碍中日关系正常发展的主要障碍，分别是领土争端和历史问题，后者包括南京大屠杀和日本领导人参拜靖国神社。贸易摩擦则没有提及。5．C从倒数第三段提供的数据可知，中日两国大多数人认为民间交往是促进两国关系发展的重要途径。第二篇Wikipedia1ImposesNewCurbsonEditingArticlesWikipedia,thefamousonlineencyclopedia,islookingtoimposemoredisciplinewithnewrestrictionsontheeditingofarticles.ThelatestchangescomeasWikipediatriestobalanceaneedforcredibilityandadesireforopenness.Whileanyonecanstilleditentries,thesiteistestingpagesthatwon'tregisterchangesuntiltheyareapprovedbyanexperiencedWikipediaeditor.Ifthesite'susersrespondwelltothetestrun,thenewrestrictionswillapplytoallentriesforlivingpeopleinthenextfewweeks.Theideaistoblockthekindofhigh-profilevandalismthathasmarredsomepages.Inoneofthemostrecentembarrassments,USDemocratic116 SenatorsRobertByrdwasprematurelydeclareddeadbyrogueeditors.Still,Wikipediarisksdiscouraginglegitimateeditingifrestrictionsonchangesoradditionsbecometooburdensome,keepingarticlesfromgettingbetterorkeepingupwithevents.Thatmaybeespeciallytrueonmoreobscurepageswithfeweractivevolunteerstoapproveeditstimely.Awareoftherisks,Wikipediahassetthecriteriafor"experiencededitor"statusrelativelylow.UserswhoareregisteredforafewdayscangivechangestheOK,saidJayWalsh,aspokesmanforthenonprofitWikimediaFoundation,whichrunsthesite.AmoreuniformsystemforfilteringchangesonWikipediarepresentsastepbackfromthesite'soriginalphilosophy,whichcalledforharnessingthecollectiveknowledgeofvolunteereditorswithoutanymajorrestrictions.ButitisnotthefirsttimeWikipediahasattachedsomestrings.Thesameflaggingprocess,forexample,hasbeenimposedonallentriesintheGerman-languageWikipediaformorethanayear.OntheEnglishsite,too,high,profilepagesthatare116 likelytobedefaced,suchasMichaelJackson's,havebeentightlyrestricted.SomeobserversbelieveWikipediamustcontinuetighteningeditingpoliciesifitwantstogaincredibility."I'mjustwaitingfortheothershoetodrop,"saidErieGoldman,directoroftheHighTechLawInstituteattheSantaClaraUniversitySchoolofLaw.GoldmanenvisionsafutureWikipediacratedbyarelativelysmallgroupofdedicatededitors.Underthecurrentmodel,hesaid,theresimplyaren'tenoughvolunteerstocatchallerrors."MyhopeisthatWikipediastillexistsandisstillconsideredausefulsite,"Goldmansaid."Butitwillbeatthatpointaverytightlycontrolledsite.Itwon'thavethatveneerofasitethatanyonecancontributeto.Theyhaven'tclosedthedrawbridge2.Peoplecanstillgetin.Butitkeepsgoingupandupandup."Separately,theOmidyarNetwork,aphilanthropicinvestmentgroupstartedbyeBayfounderPierreOmidyar,saidonTuesdayitiscommitting$2millionovertwoyearstotheWikimediaFoundation.OmidyarNetwork'sgrantwillsupportWikimedia'sgoalsofbringingfreeeducationalcontentto116 peoplearoundtheworldandsupportingmorepeopletohelpcreatethatcontent.词汇：curbn.　约束；限制high-profileadj.引人注目的vandalismn.故意破坏marvt.损坏（某事物）；毁坏（公共财产等）的行为rogueadj.刁滑的；喜欢制造麻烦的defacen.损坏（某物）的外观veneern.虚假的外表；装饰drawbridgen.吊桥philanthropicadj.博爱的；与慈善事业有关的注释：1.Wikipedia：中文名为维基百科，是全世界最大的网络百科全书。2.该句意为维基百科仍然没有对网民关闭，人们仍然可以参与编纂词条。练习：1.WhatisthelatestchangeofWikipcdia7A)NownoteverybodycaneditentriesinWikipedia.116 B)Fewerrestrictionswillbeposedontheeditionofentries.C)SomeofthepageswillnotregisterchangeswithouttheapprovalofanexperiencedWikipediaeditor.D)Allentriesforlivingpeoplewillnotbeeditedfromnowon.2.WhyhasWikipediasetthecriteriafor"experiencededitor"statusrelativelylow?A)Becauseexperiencededitorsarerare.B)Becausealotofpeopleareinterestedintheeditingofentries.C)Becausestrictercriteriamaydiscouragelegitimateediting.D)Becausepeoplereceivenopayfortheirediting.3.WhichstatementaboutRobertByrdisfalse?A)HeisamemberofAmericanDemocraticParty.B)HeisamemberoftheSenate.C)HewaswronglydeclareddeadbyWikipedia.D)HeusedtoeditsentriesinWikipedia.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutWikipediaistrue?A)ThisisthefirsttimethatWikipediaimposesrestrictionsontheeditingofentries.116 B)PeoplecanstilleditalltheentriesontheEnglishsitefreely.C)Thecurrentdisciplineimposedontheeditingofarticlesistoolaxsothatalotofembarrassmentshavebeencaused.D)Wikipediaisnowfirmlystickingtoitsoriginalphilosophy.5.PierreOmidyarisA)asenatorB)aspokesmanofWikipediaC)auniversityprofessorD)anenterpriser答案与题解：1．C从前三段可知，虽然现在每个人仍然都能编辑维基百科中的词条，但其中的一些页面在得到一个“经验丰富”的编辑批准前不会变化。2．C第七段说，维基百科新近出台的限制条件冒着降低网民合法编辑词条的积极性这一风险，为了规避这一风险，维基百科把所谓的“经验丰富的编辑”标准设定得很低。3．DRobertByrd是美国民主党的参议员，最近维基百科中关于他的词条被人篡改，错误地宣布他已经死亡。116 4．C从文中可知维基百科现在的对编辑词条的限制条件过于宽松，以致造成了许多尴尬情况发生。5．D从最后一段可知，PierreOmidyar是eBay的创始人，因此D为正确答案。*第三篇CareerWithaUniformWANTtobethenextXuSanduo?TheTVdramaSoldiers'Sortie(ShibingTuji)mighthavecausedmillionsofyoungpeopletodreamidlyofputtingonanarmyuniformandgoingofftobootcamp2.Infact,alargenumberofstudentsgraduatingmightconsiderdoingjustthat.Lastmonth,thePeople'sLiberationArmy(PLA)announcedthattherewillbe120,000jobopeningsthisyearforcollegegrads3.So,oneoutofevery50gradshasachanceifheorshewouldliketomarchdowntothelocalrecruitingoffice.Anyoneenlistingwillgetpreferentialtreatmentintuitioncompensationandinjobopportunities.Thisdecisioncomesagainstabackdropofbademploymentnewsandacoolingeconomy.Thisyear'srecruitmentquotaoutnumberslastyear's39,000byaboutthree-fold."It'simportanttopullinfresh,talentedpeoplewhocan116 dealwiththenewequipmentandahigh-techmilitarytomodernizethenation'sdefense,"saidBaiZixing,aseniorofficerinthePLAGeneralStaffDepartment4.Theagelimitforcollegerecruitshasbeenraisedto24,andthere'sonemoreimportantpolicychange:GradswhohavealreadyvolunteeredtosignupcanquitiftheychangetheirmindsafterfindinganotherjobbeforeNovember,thedeadlineforenlistment.Thisgivesgradsanextrachoiceinstartingacareer.Thefollowingisalistofpreferentialthingsthatcollegegradsqualifyforiftheyjointhearmy:Aone-timerecruitmentpaymentofupto24,000yuan,tocoverfouryearsofcollegetuitionandloans(thishastobereturnedifthepersonisforcedtoleavethearmybeforecompletingtheservicecontract).Priorityinpromotionsandingettingadmittedtomilitaryacademies.Anyonewithabachelor'sdegreeoraboveandagoodperformancerecordcanbepromotedtotherankofofficerdirectly,iftheymeetcertainothercriteria.Anordinarysoldiermayneedacoupleofyearslongertogetthere.Anyonewithajuniorcollege5degreecangoonfora116 bachelor'sdegreewithouthavingtotaketheentranceexams.Anyonewantingtotakethegradschoolentranceexamaftercompletingtheirservicecanadd10pointstotheexamresults.Anyonegettingameritcitationsecondclasscanentergradschoolwithouttakingtheexamaftercompletionoftheserviceobligation.Therearenorestrictionsonthingslikegoingabroadaftertheserviceperiod,unlessonedealswithconfidentialworkinthearmy.词汇：sortien.突击、突围enlistmentn.服役期间outnumbervt.在数量上超过（某人）注释：1.Soldiers'Sortie《士兵突击》是2006年开始在中国热播的一部电视剧。2.bootcamp：美国英语中表示训练新兵的营地。3.grads：graduates的缩写，指大学毕业生。4.GeneralStaffDepartment：（中国人民解放军）总参谋部。5.juniorcollege：指专科院校116 练习：1.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingreasonsmakemanycollegegradschoosetojointhearmyEXCEPT:A)TheStoryofXuSanduocausesyoungpeopletodreamtoputonauniform.B)Thegradsarefacingagrimemploymentsituation.C)ThepayfromthePLAisrelativelyhigherthanthegradscanearninotherjobs.D)ThePLAoffersaseriesofpreferentialtreatmentsforcollegegradswhojointhearmy.2.Itcanbeinferredthatabout　　　　　studentsgraduatingconsiderjointhearmy.A)120,000B)6,000,000C)39,000D)2,000,0003.Besidesthebackdropofbademploymentnewsandacoolingeconomy,whichofthefollowingcausesthePLAtoraisethisyear'srecruitmentquota?A)TheTVdramaSoldiers'Sortieishighintheratings.B)ThePLAwantstoattracthigh-qualitypersonneltomeet116 theneedofhi-techsectorinthenation'sdefense.C)ThePLAisincreasingthesizeofthearmy.D)Somestudentswhohavealreadyvolunteeredtosignupmaychangetheirminds.4.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatthegradsaregivenanextrachanceinstartingacareer?A)Theone-timerecruitmentpaymentofferedbythePLAmayeasethegrads'economicburden.B)Thegradswhojointhearmyhavemorechancestofurthertheirstudyaftercompletingtheirservice.C)Gradswhohavealreadyvolunteeredtosignupcangiveupbeforethedeadlineforenlistmentiftheycanfindanotherjobthatismoresuitable.D)Norestrictionsaremadeonthingslikegoingabroadaftertheserviceperiod.5.ThewordconfidentialinthelastparagraphcouldbestbereplacedbyA)conciseB)professionalC)creativeD)secret116 答案与题解：1．C　文章并未提及大学生参军的工资待遇比其他工作所提供的薪酬高，而A、B、D三个因素均可在文章中找到。2．B　文章第二段说，军队今年给大学毕业生提供了l20，000个工作岗位，而每50个打算参军的大学毕业生中就有1个人有机会去部队工作，因此可以推知今年约有6,000,00名大学毕业生考虑从军。3．B　从第四段可知，除了为缓解毕业生就业压力之外，大规模招募人才也是科技强军、国防现代化的需要。4．C　文章第五段提及，如果大学毕业生在11月份征兵工作结束前找到其他更理想的工作，仍然可以改变主意，重新选择职业，这就给为他们提供了多一次选择的机会。5．D　从最后一段可以推测出confidential的意思是“保密性的”，因此“secret”最为接近。*第四篇DormFoodMoreComfyOnceuponatime,eatinginanAmericancollegedormmeantsoupinahotpotorgettingpizzadelivered.Themostinterestingthingaboutthecampusdininghallwasoftenthesaladbar.Nomore.Thesedays,UScollegestudentshaverefinedtastesandagrowinginterestinpreparingtheirownfood.116 Mini-refrigeratorsandmicrowavesindormroomsareasessentialaslaptops."Thecookingawarenessofcollegestudentsisincreasing,"saidTomPost,presidentofcampusdiningforSodexo,amajorfoodservicecompany."StudentstodaygrewupwatchingcelebritychefsonTV,eatingorganicfoodandvaluinggoodnutrition."Inresponse,cafeteriamenushavechanged.Sodexo'stopcampusfoodsfor2009includeVietnamesenoodlesoup,goatcheesesalad,andMexicanchicken.Butcollegesarealsocateringtostudentdemandsformoreflexibleandpersonalizeddiningoptions.Chartwells,thecompanythatpreparesfoodfordininghallsatOhioWesleyanUniversityinthestateofOhio,offersmicrowaveablemealsthat"studentscantakeaway,aswellasaprogramwherestudentscanhavefoodindividuallyprepared.Ortheycanevendotheirowncooking.Thisfall,SarahLawrenceCollegeinNewYorkwillofferstudentsonitsmealplanachancetopickupgroceriesinthecafeteriaasanalternativetoacookedmeal."Studentswantthingsthatareeasytomake,thingsthatdon'ttakelongandwillstilltastegood,"saidRachelHolcomb,116 aUniversityofMassachusetts-AmherststudentwhoupdatedrecipesfortheneweditionofTheHealthyCollegeCookbook.AngeloBerti,achefattheCollegeoftheHolyCrossinWorcester,Massachusetts,teachescookingindormkitchens.ButBertisayshe'snotjustteachingrecipes.He'sencouragingstudentstousediningtogetherasawaytosocializeandasameansofself-expression;"Themealisyourcanvas,"Bertisaid."Youpaint.whatyouwant."That'swhyattheCollegeofWilliam&MaryinVirginia,studentsproduceacookingshowfilmedinadormcalled"EverydayGourmet".Oneepisodewas"DateNightCooking:A3-Coursemealforunder$20,"featuringgrilledchickenstuffedwithgoatcheeseandbasil.词汇：comfyadj.（口）舒适的canvasn.画布；油画laptopn.膝上型电脑gourmetn.美食家cafeterian.自助食堂basiln.罗勒116 注释：标题意思为（美国）宿舍烹饪这风流行。练习：1.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasabasicequipmentintoday'sstudentdorms?A)fridgesB)microwavesC)notebookcomputerD)TVsets2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheauthor?A)Thesaladbarisstillthemostinterestingfoodtothemuptonow,B)TodayPizzaremainsthemostpopularfoodtoUScollegestudents.C)UScollegestudentswanttheirdiningoptionstobemoreflexibleandpersonalized.D)Collegeshavemadenochangestomeetstudents'needs.3.ThefollowingfoodareamongSodexo'stopcampusfoodsfor2009EXCEPT:A)ItalianPizza116 B)VietnamesenoodlesoupC)goatcheesesaladD)Mexicanchicken4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAngeloBertiisNOTtrue?A)HeisachefattheCollegeoftheHolyCrossinWorcester,Massachusetts.B)Heteachescookinginacookingschool.C)Hebelievesthatcookingmeansmorethanpreparingfoodfollowingtherecipes,D)Heregardsdiningtogetherasagoodwaytoexpandthecircleoffriends.5.WhatdoesAngeloBertimeanbysaying"Themealisyourcanvas"?A)Cookingissoboringthatitisnotworthyforstudentstohaveatry.B)Collegestudentsshouldmaketheirmealassimpleaspossible.C)Cookingisagoodwaytoexpressoneselffreely.D)Ifonewantstobecomeasuccessfulcook,he'dbetterlearnpaintingfirst116 答案与题解：1．D第二段末尾提及现在美国的大学宿舍里，小冰箱和微波炉和笔记本电脑一样成为了必需品，惟独没有提及电视。2．C第四段最后一句说美国的大学在尽量满足学生对于饮食更加灵活和个性化的要求。3．A第四段说Sodexo2009年最受欢迎的校园食品包括B、C和D选项。4．B从倒数第二段可知，AngeloBerti教授厨艺的地点并非烹饪学校，而是大学学生寝室的厨房。5．C从该句的上下文可知，AngeloBerti说“Themealisyourcanvas”的真实意思是做饭是自由表达自我的一个很好的途径或方式。+第五篇AmericansGetTouchy1TheNewYorkTimesrecentlyreportedthatAmericanteensarehuggingpracticallyeveryonetheysee.Saygoodbyetothegreetingsofthepast,fromthehands-off"What'sup!"tothehandshakeorhigh-five2.Foryoungpeopleacrossthecountry,huggingisthenew"Hello".Girlsarehugginggirls.Boysarehuggingboys.Girlsandboysarehuggingeachother.And,likeeverymajortrend,therearelotsofvariationsontheform.There'stheclassic,116 full-body,arms-around-the-personbearhug,thecasualone-armedsidehug,thegrouphugandthehugfrombehind.There'sthehandshakethatturnsintoahugandthehugthatturnsintoapatontheback.Astrendsgo,thisoneseemsprettyinnocent.Butsomeparents,teachersandschooladministratorsareworriednonetheless.Willyoungpeoplewhoaren'tascomfortablewithphysicalcontactfeelpeerpressuredintohugging?Willkidswhodon'treceivehugsfeelleftOut3?Couldanextra-longhugslideintothemoreominousterritoryofsexualharassment?Inresponsetosomeoftheseconcerns,someschoolshavesetupnewrulestolimitoreliminatehugging.Oneschoolheadhascreatedathree-secondlimitation4forhugsatherschool.Afewschoolshavetakenevenmoredrasticmeasures,placingabanonallformsoftouchingbetweenstudents.Afewimportantpointsarebeingleftoutofthediscussion.WhiletheUShastraditionallybeenreservedabouttouching-savinghugsandkissesforrelatives,romanticpartnersandveryclosefriends-peopleinmanyotherpartsoftheworldhavebeengreetingeachotherthiswayforages.InLatinAmericaorWesternEurope,incountrieslikeSpain,France,andItaly,akissonthecheekiscommonamong116 women,aswellasamongwomenandmenwhoarenotromanticallyinvolved.Thecheek-kissvariesbyregion.Sometimesitisjustanairkissblownpasttheface.Inotherplaces,theproperwayofgreetingistodeliverakissuponbothcheeks,orsometimesevenatripletofkissesperformedbykissingonecheek,thentheother,thenbacktothefirst.LatinAmericanmenaremorelikelytoshakehandswhengreetingothermen,butinsomecountrieslikeTurkey,it'snotunusualformenwhoknoweachotherwelltoexchangekissesonthecheek.Meanwhile,fortheMaoripeopleofNewZealand,atraditionalgreetingcalledthe"hongi"involvespressingnosestogether.So,fromaglobalperspective,thenewtrendofteenhugginginAmericaisnotso"new"afterall.Peopleallaroundtheworldmoveinclosetosayhello,andAmericansarejustnowjoiningin.词汇：touchyadj.易怒的；敏感的harassmentn.骚扰tripletn.三个一组；三件一套116 注释：1.touchy的本意为“易怒的”、“敏感的”，这里用来指“喜欢肢体接触的”，标题意味美国人越来越喜欢肢体接触了。2.High-five：是美国文化手势的一种，并没有正式的中文名称，一般代表了“庆祝成功的击掌”，有时也写成“Givemefive”。3.feelleftout：感到被排斥4.three-secondlimitation：指学校制定的将拥抱限制在三秒钟之内的规定。5.Maoripeople：毛利人（新西兰的土著）。练习：1.Theword"practically"inthefirstparagraphcouldbebestreplacedbyA)certainlyB)nearlyC)activelyD)voluntarily2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthetypicalwaysofgreetingsinthepast?A)handsoff"What'sup"B)handshakeC)high-five116 D)embrace3.Someparents,teachersandschooladministratorsconcernthenewtrendofhuggingforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT:A)Someyoungpeoplegetinvolvedintothetrendduetopeerpressure.B)Thosewhodon'treceivehugsfeelleftout.C)There'sthedangerthathuggingslideintothemoreominousterritoryofsexualharassment.D)Diseasescouldbetransmittedmoreeasilythroughtheextra-longbodycontact.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A)TeenagersacrosstheUShugeveryonetheyseeinnearlythesameway.B)Althoughsomeadultsworryaboutthetrend,fewmeasureshavebeentakentobanonit.C)Traditionally,theUSpeoplehavebeenreservedabouthuggingbetweenanybody.D)Insomecountries,it'susualformentokisseachotheronthecheek.5.Wecaninferthattheauthorholdsa　　　　　attitudetowardthenewtrendofhugging.116 A)positiveB)negativeC)indifferentD)conservative答案与题解：1．B文章开篇第一句话意为“《纽约时报》最近报道美国的青少年现在几乎见到每一个人都会拥抱”。“practically”常来表达“nearly”、“almost”的意思。2．D第一段中列举了过去美国人见面打招呼的常见方式，不包括“拥抱”。3．D第三段谈及成年人对青少年越来越多地以拥抱的方式打招呼这一趋势所表达的关切，包括担心有一些人纯粹因为来自同伴的压力而不得不接受这样一种方式，担心那些不接受拥抱这种打招呼方式的人有被边缘化的感觉，甚至担心见面拥抱会成为性骚扰的保护外衣。但没有提及对拥抱可能更容易传播疾病有所担心。4．D倒数第二段中，作者谈到在一些国家，比如土耳其，男人见面时互相亲吻脸颊很正常。5．A从整篇文章的内容来看，作者对拥抱成为美国年轻人间打招呼的方式这一趋势持一个比较积极的态度。他认为其他文化中这样一种方式已经存在了很长的时间，从全球范围来看，美国不过是加入了其他国家的行列而已。116 +第六篇WomenStayinginMini-SkirtsforLongerBritishwomenarehappynowadaystowearmini-skirtsupuntiltheageof40,accordingtoresearchbyDebenhams.Just20yearsago,fewwomenwoulddaretowearamini-skirlaftertheageof33,thestoresaid."Itshowsthatwomennowhaveanincreasingconfidenceintheirbodiesandarehappytodressaccordingly,"itaddedinastatement."Ifthistrendcontinues,there'snodoubtthat,withinthenextdecade,womenintheirmid40sandearly50swillrightlyregardamini-skirtasanessentialpartoftheireverydaywardrobe."Thefiguresemergedwhenthestoreexaminedthelatestageprofileofwomenbuyingshort,36-cmskirtsoverthepastsixmonths.Theirresultsshowthatithasjumpedfromanaverageageof36-years-oldatthestartofmillennium1to40today.Figuresfrom1980showedthatonaveragewomenstoppedbuyingminiswhentheyreached33yearsold--afigureunchangedfromthemid-960s.Thestorenotedthatexpertsbelievethatthepopularityofintensivegymculture2,providingwomenwithwelltonedbodies3forlongermaybethereason,Theincreasing,number116 ofBritishwomenlivingontheirownmayalsobeafactor.TheDebenhams'studyshowedthatamodernwoman'sloveaffairwithamini-skirtbeginsattheageof14butthatshedoesn'tbuyherfirstoneuntiltheageof16.Instead,shefloutsschoolrulesbyrollingupthewaistbandoftheschooluniformtogivetheimpressionofwearingaminiskirt.Skirtsgetshorterbetweentheagesof16and19,reducinginsizeform46to36cmbeforereachingtheirshortest,amere32cm,attheageof23.Skirtlengthincreasesslightlybetweentheagesof23and27,risingto37cm,possiblyduetogirlsbeingintheirfirststablerelationship,withnodesiretoattractattention,thestoresaid.However,itfoundshortskirtssuddenlyzoominpopularitybetweentheagesof27and34,asthoseearlyrelationshipsbreakdown,andnewrelationshipsareformed.Themoveintolongerskirtsbeginsirreversiblyat40yearsold,when46-cmskirts,stillslightlyabovethekneearethenorm.Fromthenon,skirtlengthincreasesdramatically,fallingbelowthekneefortheveryfirsttimesinceschooldaysattheageof42.词汇：millenniumn.千禧年116 gymn.健身房注释：1.这里指公元2000年。2.gymculture指英国现在流行的去健身房健身的趋势。3.welltonedbodies指结实而线条良好的体型。练习：1.DebenhamscouldmostpossiblybeA)afashionmagazineB)alifestyleassociationC)anexpertontrendsD)adepartmentstore2.Accordingtothepassage,Britishwomenarehappytowearmini-skirtsupuntilanoldagebecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT:A)Womenaremoreandmoreconfidentintheirbodies.B)Womennowadayspaymuchmoreattentiontobodybuilding,andthisprovidesthemwithwelltonedbodiestowearmini-skirts.C)TheClimateofGreatBritainaregettingwarmerinrecentyears,thuswomencanwearminisforalongertime.116 D)Moreandmorewomenarenowlivingontheirown.3.Wecaninferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphthatin1970sA)Alotofwomendaredtowearmini-skirtsattheageof40.B)Mostwomenbetween33and36werestillhappytowearmini-skirts.C)Evenwomenintheirearly50srightlyregardedamini-skirtasanessentialpartoftheireverydaywardrobe.D)Mostwomennolongerworemini-skirtswhentheyreachtheageof33.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelengthofthemini-skirtsistrue?A)Attheageof14,girlsoftenwearmini-skirtswhichareabout46cminsize.B)Girlsattheageof19weartheshortestmini-skirts.C)Attheageof23,mostgirlswearmini-skirtswhichare37cmlong.D)Fromtheageof23,skirtlengthincreasesbecausegirlsareintheirfirststablerelationship.5.Theword"zoom"inthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraphcanbebestreplacedby:116 A)soarB)decreaseC)holdsteadyD)drop答案与题解：1．D从第二段的第一句话可知Debenhams是一个百货公司的名称。2．C英国女性愿意穿超短裙的人群年龄有上升的趋势，主要是因为人们越来越自信，注意健身保持体形，以及女性生活更加独立。气候变暖不是文中所说的原因之一。3．D第三段说从20世纪60年代开始一直到80年代，调查都显示女性到33岁之后普遍不再购买超短裙。4．D从倒数第二段可知，从23岁开始，女性所穿着的超短裙长度从32cm渐增至37cm，主要是因为这个阶段她们普遍有了稳定的恋爱关系。5．A“zoom”意为迅速增长，故A是最佳答案。第七篇ReformontheRoadWillthereformontheuseofgovernmentcarsreallyreduceofficeexpenditure　1　　thiscount?Therearenoreports　　2　　suchanoutcomealthoughsomelocal　governmentshavemovedin116 thatdirection.Hangzhougovernment　　3　　itsreformlastmonth.Officialsbelowthelevelofdeputybureauchiefcannotuseofficialtripsforbusinesstrips.Insteadtheygetsubsidiesbetween300and2,600yuanamonthaccordingtotheiradministrativerank.Thisreformissupposedtosavethegovernmentthemoneyinvolvingin　　4　　alargenumberofcars.HangzhouineastChinaZhejiangprovinceisnotthefirsttoattempt　　5　　reform.Nanjing,capitaloftheneighboringJiangsuprovince,didsofiveyearsago,yetthereisnoreportavailableofhowmuchmoneytheNanjinggovernmenthassaved6thesemeasures.Allthatweknowaboutisthefact　　7　　governmentofficialsgetmonthlysubsidiesforbusinessThepublichaveafightto　　8　　fortransparencyontheresultsofsuchreform　　9　　itistaxpayers'moneythatisbeingspent.Transparencyisneededbecausepeopleare　　10　　aboutpolicy-makersmakingpolicyagainsttheirowninterests.Obviously,thesubsidiesarenotbasedonworkneeds.Lowerlevelofficialsusuallytravel　　11　　thanhigh-rankingofficials.Therefore,theimpactofreformappearstobediluted.116 Transparencyalonecantellus　　12　　thereformmeasureshaveindeedreducedgovernmenttransportexpenditure.Ifthereisnodisclosureofamountssavedbythereform,thepublicmayhavereasontosuspectthatthereformisactuallyapoly　　13　　theincomeofofficialsintheformofatransportsubsidy.Thewaygovernmentcarsareusedneedstobereformed.Thegovernmentspendingonpurchaseofcarswas80billionyuanin2008,anduseandmaintenanceamountstoaround300billionyuanayear.AstudyofancientChinesedynastiesshowsthatthemorereformsofthetaxsystem,theheavierthetaxeseventually　　14　　onsubjects.Theonlywaytopreventthisviciouscyclesfromhappeningwithgovernmentcarreformtodayisforthehigherauthoritiestohaveastrictand　　15　　auditoflocalfinance.词汇transparencyn.透明度disclosuren.透露，公开viciousa.循环论证的ployn.计策，手段练习1.A)onB)inC)aboutD)116 to2.A)indicatesB)indicatingC)indicatedD)indicate3.A)completedB)terminatedC)launchedD)finished4.A)maintainingB)maintainedC)maintenanceD)maintain5.A)suchaB)assuchC)suchthatD)such6.A)byB)onC)throughD)in7.A)whichB)whetherC)inwhichD)that8.A)providingB)offeringC)supplyingD)asking9.A)becauseB)thereforeC)becauseofD)thus10.A)satisfiedB)pleasedC)skepticalD)confused11,A)lessB)moreC)fasterD)farther12.A)howB)whichC)thatD)116 whether13.A)increasedB)tobeincreasedC)toincreaseD)increase14.A)leviedB)takenC)consumedD)removed15.A)opaqueB)transparentC)obscureD)ambiguous答案及题解1.Aonthisaccount或者onthataccount的意思是为了这个缘故或者为了那个缘故，是固定搭配。2.Bindicatingsuchanoutcome这个短语作为名词report的定语出现，说明这个report是什么样的，所以要用的不是谓语动词，而是一个作定语的分词，在indicating和indicated中应该选择主动语态的indicating。3．C从上下文的语境中我们可以看出，杭州政府启动了一项改革，从意义上来看，只有launch符合要求，其他选项都是表示“结束”的意思。在这里，launch表示“开始，启动”的意思4.Ainvolvein后面应该跟动名词或者名词，C选项中的maintenance虽然是名词形式，但后面应该加of，所以只有A是合适的选项。5．A116 such用作前置限定词时，其后通常跟a及单数可数名词，表示“这样的、这种的、此类的”。Suchthat表示“如此……以致……”。6.A介词by表示通过某种方式，bythesemeasures是表示“通过这些措施”的意思。7．D引导同位语从句时用关系连词that。在本句中，that引导的同位语从句具体解释了fact的内容。8．Daskfor有“索求”的意义，在这个句子中比较合适。其他选项provide，offer和supply都有“给予”的意义，用在这一语境中不成立。9．A两个小句之间是因果关系，because引导的小句表示的是原因，而therefore和thus都只能引导表示结果的小旬：becauseof后面只能是名词或者名词性质的短语。10．C这句话说的是纳税人因为担心决策者做出有悖于他们利益的事而要求政策制定有透明度。satisfied表示“满意的”，不符合原句意义上的要求，由于同样的原因，pleased指“高兴的”，以及confused“疑惑的”也不符合。11．B根据语境，作者的意思是低级的公务员比高级公务员出差更多，因此补贴办法是不合理的。12．Dwhether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句，that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句。116 13．C不定式toincrease表示目的，“这项改革只是官员用车补的形式提高自己收入的一种手段”。14．Alevy在这里是“征税”的意思。15．B原意是“严格而透明的监管”，因此“不透明的”、“模糊的”、“模棱两可的”都不符合要求。*第八篇OntheNetFriendsComeandGo,Talkingof...Theyoungwomanwasvisibly　　1　　andclearlywmatedtogetsomethingoffherchest."What'sup?"I　　2　　."I'vejustbeendefriended,"shesaid.Now"defriended"isaword　　3　　Iamnotfamiliar.Ihavebeenbefriended　4　　-andbefriended-manypeoplesincearrivinginBeijing.Butdefriended?Itturns　　5　　thisisanewwordcreatedbytheInteract-savvyyoungergenerationspecificallyinrelationtotheworldwidesocialnetworkingphenomenon,Facebook.Thosewhojoincaninvitefriendstobecomemembersofthesite,　　6　　.Theycanthensharephotographs,"chat",swapmessagesandobservationsandperformahostofothermutuallyaccessibleapplications.116 I'veseensomepeople'ssites　　7　　hundredsoffriends,allmomentsawaydownafiberopticcable,providingtheyareloggedontotheircomputersorhookeduptoahigh-speccellphone.Itcreatesthepossibilityof"befriending"'anyoneintheworldwhohasonlineaccess.Currently,Facebookhas150millionusers.Thatmeansthere'salotof"friends"outthere.The　　8　　isthatyoucanbe"defriended"-youcanbedeniedaccesstotheFace,booksitesomeonewhohadpreviouslyinvitedtobehisorherfriend.Andyoucandoitwithoutthepotentialforinstantrecrimination.Whereonce,intheschoolplaygroundonchildmighthavepetulantlyshouted9　　another,"I'mnotgoingtobeyourfriedanymore"thesamehurtandlossoffacecanbeperformedremotelywiththechickofabutton.A　　10　　aspectof"defriending"isthat,unlikeWithotherapplicationssuchasthe"whatareyouthinkingabout?"postingadigitaldepositoryoftheoftendire,　　11　　,dullanddesperate,nomessageissentoutalertingyouoryourcontactsaboutthechangemstatus.Youonlyfindoutyouhave　　12　　whenyoutrytovisita"friend's"site,andyoufindyoucannolongergetin.thedelayofthediscoveryisalltoo116 oftendoublyhurtful.Justasbombsaredispatchedimpersonally　　13　　anunseenenemyinmodemwarfare,　　14　　relationshipsareblownoutofthewindowwiththesamecallousdisregard,withouttheriskofanyface-to-facecomeback.Onesecondyouarcthere,　　15　　youaredeleted.词汇：savvy　adj.聪慧的，机智的swapv.交换recriminationn.反控告、反责callousadj.麻木的、无情的petulantlyadv.暴躁地fiberopticcable光缆depositoryn.仓库，储藏所练习：1.A)satisfiedB)friendlyC)movedD)upset2.A)complainedB)explained'C)inquiredD)argued3.A)withwhichB)inwhichC)whichD)116 that4.A)onB)byC)withD)in5.A)aboutB)outC)aroundD)in6.A)tooB)eitherC)yetD)neither7.A)exaggeratingB)overstatingC)boastingD)showingoff8.A)benefitB)advantageC)downsideD)merit9.A)atB)inC)onD)farward10.A)neutralB)controversialC)astonishingD)remarkable11.A)excitingB)drearyC)cheerfulD)bright12.A)beendumpedB)dumpedC)beingdumpedD)dumping13.A)forwardB)forC)intoD)against14.A)andB)sinceC)soD)116 but15.A)thenextB)thefirstC)thefirstD)anext答案与题解：1．Dupset是“心烦的、苦恼的”意思。根据上下文来看，被从好友名单上删除之后，这种情绪是合理的。2．Cinquire在这里表示“打听、询问”的意思。3．A关系代词在定语从句作介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词的结构引导，从句中动词词组familiarwith中的介词with移到which之前。4．Bby与动词的被动语态连用，表示行为的主体。5．Bturnout表示“结果是……”6．Atoo在这里表示“也”。yet、either和neither都用在否定句中。7．C如果boast后面跟表示成就或者所有物的宾语时，表示“以做过……而自豪”或者“拥有”的意思。exaggerate和overstate是夸张、夸大的意思，show卖弄、夸耀的意思。8．C从上下文的意思来看，这句话说的是这种做法的负面影响，因此只有downside这个词符合题意。9．Ashoutat表示“怒斥、大声斥责”的意思。10．B116 这句话说的是随意删除好友存在有争议的一面，而其他三个选项各自表示“中性的”、“令人惊讶的”以及“卓越的”，都不符合作者的原意。11．Bdreary表示“沉闷的、枯燥的”，与前后的dire以及desperate并列，另外三个选项都不符合句义。12．Adump表示“抛弃、丢弃”的意思。这句话的意思是，当你去一位朋友的网页时，你才会发现你已经被他从好友名单上删除了，因此应该用动词的被动语态。13．Dagainst在这里表示“反抗、对抗”的意思。14．C这两个从句之间是因果关系，因此使用表示因果关系的连词so。15．Athenext省略了second，表示“下一秒”。+第九篇SexchangesurgeryguidelinesdraftedChinaissetto　　1　　itsfirstclinicalguidelineon.sex-changesurgery,accordingtoanoticeputonthewebsiteoftheMinistryofHealthyesterday.Theministryisnowsolicitingpublicandprofessionalopinionsonthedraftguideline.Thecomingguidelineaimstoregulateandstandardizesexreassignmentsurgery,partofatreatmentforgenderidentitydisorderintranssexuals.Experts　　2　　nearly2,000Chinesehaveundergone116 sex-changesurgerywhile100,000to400,000arestillconsideringit.However,noofficialnumberisavailable.Inthedraft,theMOHsets　　3　　criteriaforbothsurgicalcandidatesandmedicalinstitutions.Candidatesforthesurgerymustbeolderthan20andsingle,thedraftguidelinesaid.Theyarealsorequiredtoproveapersistentdesireforasexchange,toliveforatleastfiveconsecutiveyearsfull-timeinthenewgenderrole,andtoengage　　4　　mentaltherapyforatleastoneyear.Beforesurgerycantakeplace,acandidatemustreceivearecommendationfortheoperationfroma　　5　　afteranappropriateseriesoftherapysessions.Also,severallegalrequirements　　6　　bemetbeforetheprocedure.Thecandidatemustprovideprooffrompolicethatheorshehasdoesnothaveanycriminaloffensesinthepast.Policemustalsoagreetochangethesexstatusontheidentitycardofthe7　　receiverbeforetheoperationcan,take　　8　　.Theadventofsuchaguideline　　9　　toshowthatthegovernmentisconcerned_　　10　　theneedsofarelativelysmall　　11　　ofpeoplewhowanttochangesex.116 Butdoctorsalsowarnthatallstakeholders,includingthehospitalandprospectivereceivers,shouldbehighlycautiousaboutthissurgery.Theoperationismorethanamedicalproceduredue　　12　　itshugesocialandlegalconsequences.Doctorsshouldmakeitcleartothose　　13　　sex-changesurgeriesthattheoptionalwaysremainstocontinuetoliveintheoriginalrole.Theguidelinerequiressurgeonstotellpatientsaboutotheroptions　　14　　hormonetherapy.Theyarealsorequiredtoexplaintherisksinvolved,andunderlyingsocialbarriersincludingdiscrimination,andadministrativerecognitionandapproval.Forthecandidates,thesurgeryitselfisnotthebigissue　　15　　thelongrun.Therealissueisthekindoflifeheorshewillhavetoleadafterward.词汇：solicitv.请求reassignmentn.再分配transsexualn.变性者stakeholdern.利益相关者116 练习：1.A)issue　B)provideC)withdrawD)bringabout2.A)boastB)estimateC)blameD)offer3.A)maximumB)minimumC)lessD)few4.A)inB)intoC)onD)onto5.A)physicistB)chemistC)psychologist　D)geologist6.A)can　B)mustC)mayD)cannot7.A)respective　B)prospectC)expectingD)prospective8.A)positionB)locationC)placeD)scene9.A)believesB)isbelieved　C)isbelievingD)believed10.A)aboutB)withC)aroundD)of11.A)numeralB)figureC)digitD)number12.A)inB)withC)toD)into13.A)seekB)seekingC)soughtD)havesought14.A)asB)suchthatC)assuchD)suchas15.A)inB)onC)underD)blow116 答案与题解：1．Aissue在这里作动词使用时，表示“发行、颁布”的意思。withdraw表示“取回、收回”，bringback表示“恢复”。因此，issue符合题意。2．B四个选项填入后得出的句子在句法和语义上都成立，但最佳答案是estimate,因为对于无法准确测量的数字专家只能做出“估测”。3．B根据上下文的意义，卫生部提出的应该是“最低”标准。4．Aengagein是一个固定词组，表示从事或者参与某项工作或者活动。5．C这四个选项分别表示物理学家、化学家、心理学家和地质学家，根据上下文的意思来看，只有得到心理学家的许可是最合理的。6．B法律或者法规中的条文和要求是必须遵守的，因此必须用must。7．Dprospective表示“未来的、将来的”，respective表示“各自的、分别的”，prospect是动词，表示“期待”，这几个词词形相近，容易混淆。8．Ctakeplace是固定的短语搭配，表示“发生、进行、举行”的意思。9．Bbebelievedto表示“确信”。10．Aconcernedabout指“忧虑、担心”，而concernedwith是指“关心、感兴趣”。11．Danumberof是一个固定短语，表示“若干、不少”的意思，116 用在可数名词前。12．Cdueto引入原因，表示“因为、由于”。13．B在本句中，用seek的现在分词形式充当名词的定语，意为“寻求变性手术的那些人”。其他三个选项都是动词的限定形式，都是可以单独充当谓语的，因此不符合要求。14．Dsuchas用于举例说明的场合，as表示“像……一样”，后面跟谓词短语，assuch强调某事的程度或者结果，表示“如此……以致……”。15．AinthelongFun是固定搭配，表示“从长远的观点来看、最终”。116