《语言学术语》word版

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1、语言学术语第一章phonology音系学grammar语法学morphology形态学syntax句法学lexicology词汇学generallinguistics普通语言学theoreticallinguistics理论语言学historicallinguistics历史语言学descriptivelinguistics描写语言学empiricallinguistics经验语言学dialectology方言学anthropology人类学stylistics文体学signifier能指signified所指morphs形素morph

2、otactics语素结构学/形态配列学syntacticcategories句法范畴syntacticclasses句法类别序列sub-structure低层结构super-structure上层结构opensyllable开音节closedsyllable闭音节checkedsyllable成阻音节rank等级level层次ding-dongtheory/nativistictheory本能论sing-songtheory唱歌说yo-he-hotheory劳动喊声说pooh-poohtheory感叹说ta-tatheory模仿说ani

3、malcrytheory/bow-wowtheory模声说Pragueschool布拉格学派Bilateralopposition双边对立Mutilateralopposition多边对立Proportionalopposition部分对立Isolatedopposition孤立对立Privateopposition表缺对立Gradedopposition渐次对立Equipollentopposition均等对立Neutralizableopposition可中立对立Constantopposition恒定对立Systemic-func

4、tionalgrammar系统功能语法Meaningpotential意义潜势Conversationalimplicature会话含义Deictics指示词Presupposition预设Speechacts言语行为Discourseanalysis话语分析Contetualism语境论Phaticcommunion寒暄交谈Metalanguage原语言Appliedlinguistics应用语言学Nominalism唯名学派Psychosomatics身学第二章trachea/windpipe气管tip舌尖blade舌叶/舌面fro

5、nt舌前部center舌中部top舌顶back舌后部dorsum舌背root舌跟pharynx喉/咽腔laryngeals喉音laryngealization喉化音vocalcords声带vocaltract声腔initiator启动部分pulmonicairstreammechanism肺气流机制glottalicairstreammechanism喉气流机制velaricairstreammechanism腭气流机制Adam’sapple喉结Voicelesssound清音Voicelessconsonant请辅音Voicedsou

6、nd浊音Voicedconsonant浊辅音Glottalstop喉塞音Breathstate呼吸状态Voicestate带音状态Whisperstate耳语状态Closedstate封闭状态Alveolarride齿龈隆骨Dorsum舌背Ejective呼气音Glottalisedstop喉塞音Impossive内爆破音Click/ingressive吸气音Segmentalphonology音段音系学Segmentalphonemes音段音位Suprasegmental超音段Non-segmental非音段Plurisegmenta

7、l复音段Syntheticlanguage综合型语言Diacriticmark附加符号Broadtranscription宽式标音Narrowtranscription窄式标音Orthoepy正音法Orthography正字法Etymology词源Activearticulator积极发音器官Movablespeechorgan能动发音器官Passivearticulator消极发音器官Immovablespeechorgan不能动发音器官Lateral边音Approximant[j,w]无摩擦延续音Resonant共鸣音Central

8、approximant中央无摩擦延续音Lateralapproximant边无摩擦延续音Unilateralconsonant单边辅音Bilateralconsonant双边辅音Non-lateral非边音