微观经济学英文版名词解释超详细

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1、微观经济学名词解释Chapter1businesscycle经济周期fluctuationsineconomicactivity,suchasemploymentandproductioneconomics经济学;经济，国家的经济状况thestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarce缺乏的，罕见的resourcesefficiencyn.功效;效率，效能;实力，能力;[物]性能;thepropertyofsocietygettingthemostitcanfromitsscarceresourcesequalityn.同等，平等;[

2、数]相等，等式;thepropertyofdistributingeconomicprosperityuniformlyamongthemembersofsocietyexternality[,ekstɜː'nælɪtɪ]外部性theuncompensatedimpactofoneperson’sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander旁观者;局外人;看热闹的人incentivesomethingthatinducesapersontoactInflation[ɪn'fleɪʃ(ə)n]anincreaseintheovera

3、lllevelofpricesintheeconomymarginalchangessmallincremental增加的adjustmentstoaplanofactionmarketeconomyaneconomythatallocatesresourcesthroughthedecentralized权力分散;人口疏散;密度分散;decisionsofmanyfirmsandhouseholdsastheyinteractinmarketsforgoodsandservicesmarketfailureasituationinwhichamarke

4、tleftonitsownfailstoallocate分配，分派;把…拨给;英[ˈæləkeɪt]resourcesefficientlymarketpowertheabilityofasingleeconomicactor(orsmallgroupofactors)tohaveasubstantialinfluenceonmarketpricesopportunitycostwhatevermustbegivenuptoobtainsomeitemproductivitythequantityofgoodsandservicesproducedfro

5、meachunitoflaborinputpropertyrightstheabilityofanindividualtoownandexercisecontroloverscarceresourcesrationalpeoplepeoplewhosystematicallyandpurposefullydothebesttheycantoachievetheirobjectivesscarcitythelimitednatureofsociety’sresources17Chapter2circular-flowdiagramavisualmodelo

6、ftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholds家庭;家庭，户andfirmsmacroeconomics[,mækrəʊiːkə'nɒmɪks;-ek-]thestudyofeconomy-widephenomena,includinginflation,unemployment,andeconomicgrowthmicroeconomics[,maɪkrəʊiːkə'nɒmɪksthestudyofhowhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandh

7、owtheyinteractinmarketsnormative['nɔːmətɪv]标准的statementsclaimsthatattempttoprescribe定，规定;指定，规定;美[prɪˈskraɪb]howtheworldshouldbepositivestatementsclaimsthatattempttodescribetheworldasitisproductionpossibilitiesfrontier['frʌntɪə）agraphthatshowsthecombinationsofoutputthattheeconomyc

8、anpossiblyproducegiventheavailablefactor