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1、两株乙酰甲胺磷降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究于彩虹1张显涛1宋英男1张帅1路兴波2孙红炜2*(1.中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083;2.山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,山东济南250100)摘要:利用富集及驯化培养方法,从长期生产农药的企业废水处理系统及厂房周边的污染土壤和池水中,分离筛选出两株能够高效降解乙酰甲胺磷的菌株Y3、Y6。在形态特征和生理生化鉴定的基础上,对其16SrDNA序列进行了分析,并重点研究了它们对乙酰甲胺磷及其它农药的降解特性和抗性。结果表明,Y3、Y6分别为寡养
2、单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas)和假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)。Y3、Y6在乙酰甲胺磷浓度分别为500mg·L-1和1000mg·L-1,培养温度30℃,初始pH8.0,接种量为2.5%条件下,一周内可以将80%左右的乙酰甲胺磷矿化为磷酸根。外加葡萄糖及酵母膏对降解效率的研究表明,当酵母膏含量为1g·L-1时,降解效果最理想;而外加葡萄糖的量,会相对抑制农药的降解。抗性实验显示,Y3、Y6均可在较高浓度的其它有机磷类及氨基甲酸酯类农药的普通培养基中生长,对其它农药的抗性也比较广泛。植物侵染实验
3、显示,Y3、Y6对试验中的豆科、禾本科、十字花科及葫芦科植物不具备致病性,说明Y3、Y6环境安全性较强。关键词:乙酰甲胺磷;菌株;降解特性Isolation,identificationanddegradationcharacteristicsoftwoacephate-degradingbacteriaYuCaihongZhangXiantao1SongYingnan1LuXingbo2SunHongwei2*(1.SchoolofChemicalandEnvironmentalEngineering,Ch
4、inaUniversityofMiningandTechnology(Beijing),Beijing100083;2.InstituteofPlantProtection,ShandongAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Jinan250100)Abstract:Inthisstudy,bythemethodofenrichmentanddomestication,weisolatedtwostrainsofbacteria12designatedasY-3andY-6,respe
5、ctively,fromthewastewatertreatmentsystemofthepesticideenterpriseaswellasthesoilandwaterarounditsworkplace.Thetraditionalmorphology,physio-biochemicalcharacteristicsand16SrDNAgenesequenceanalysiswereappliedtothebacteriaclassification.Thecharacteristicsofdegr
6、adingacephateandtheresistanceofanyotherpesticideswerealsostudied.TheresultsshowedthatstrainsY-3andY-6wereidentifiedasStenotrophomonasspandPseudomonassp.Withtheinitialacephateconcentration500and1000mg·L-1,theinitialpHvalue8.0,30℃,theratioofbacteriasuspension
7、(OD600=2)2.5%,thecompletelydegradationrateswerebothabout80%.Thestudyalsodemonstratedthattheoptimumcontentoftheyeastextractwas1g·L-1,whilethecontentoftheglucoseinhibitsthedegradationofacephate.Theresistanceexperimentsshowedthat,Y-3andY-6couldalsobefoundinhig
8、herconcentrationsofothertypesoforganicphosphorusandcarbamatepesticidesinthegeneralgrowthmedium,whichhavemoreextensivepesticideresistance.Plantinfectionexperimentsshowedthat,Y-3andY-6almostdonothaveanyp