欢迎来到天天文库
浏览记录
ID:22349065
大小:89.35 KB
页数:13页
时间:2018-10-28
《考研英语一翻译真题汇总》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、1990年英译汉试题Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalities,andbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.(61)Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscert
2、aincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas‖naturevs.nurture‖.(62)Thosewhosupportthe―nature‖sideoftheconflic
3、tbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.(63)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostc
4、ompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Thosewhosupportthe―nurture‖theory,thatis,theyadvocateeducation,areoftencalledbehaviorists.Theyclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelysh
5、apedbytheirsurroundings.Thebehavioristsmaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.Letusexaminethedifferentexplanationsaboutonehumancharacteristic,intelligence,offeredbythetwotheories.Supportersofthe―nature‖theoryinsistthatwearebornwithacertaincapacityforl
6、earningthatisbiologicallydetermined.Needlesstosay,theydon‘tbelievethatfactorsintheenvironmenthavemuchinfluenceonwhatisbasicallyapredeterminedcharacteristic.Ontheotherhand,behavioristsarguethatourintelligencelevelsaretheproductofourexperiences.(64)Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenviro
7、nmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.IntheUnitedStates,
此文档下载收益归作者所有