2012年考研英语基础阶段测试题及答案4new

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1、2012年考研英语基础阶段测试题及答案4Text4　　Scientistshaveknownsince1952thatDNAisthebasicstuffofheredity.They’veknownitschemicalstructuresince1953.TheyknowthathumanDNAactslikeabiologicalcomputerprogramsome3billionbitslongthatspellsouttheinstructionsformakingproteins,thebasicbuildingblocksofl

2、ife.　　Buteverythingthegeneticengineershaveaccomplishedduringthepasthalf-centuryisjustapreambletotheworkthatCollinsandAndersonandlegionsofcolleaguesaredoingnow.CollinsleadstheHumanGenomeProject,a15-yearefforttodrawthefirstdetailedmapofeverynookandcrannyofgeneinhumanDNA.Anders

3、on,whopioneeredthefirstsuccessfulhumangene-therapyoperations,isleadingthecampaigntoputinformationaboutDNAtouseasquicklyaspossibleinthetreatmentandpreventionofhumandiseases.　　Whattheyandotherresearchersareplottingisnothinglessthanabiomedicalrevolution.LikeSiliconValleypirates

4、reverse-engineeringacomputerchiptostealacompetitor’ssecrets,geneticengineersaredecodinglife'smolecularsecretsandtryingtousethatknowledgetoreversethenaturalcourseofdisease.DNAintheirhandshasbecomebothablueprintandadrug,apharmacologicalsubstanceofextraordinarypotencythatcantre

5、atnotjustsymptomsorthediseasesthatcausethembutalsotheimperfectionsinDNAthatmakepeoplesusceptibletoadisease.　　Andthat’sjustthebeginning.Forallthefeveredworkbeingdone,however,scienceisstillfarawayfromtheBraveNewWorldvisionofengineeringaperfecthuman—orevenaperfecttomato.Muchmor

6、eresearchisneededbeforegenetherapybecomescommonplace,andmanydiseaseswilltakedecadestoconquer,iftheycanbeconqueredatall.　　Intheshortrun,themostpracticalwaytousethenewtechnologywillbeingeneticscreening.DoctorswillbeabletodetectallsortsofflawsinDNAlongbeforetheycanbefixed.http:

7、//www.thea.cn/kcnet1480/http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet1480/Insomecasestheknowledgemayleadtotreatmentsthatdelaytheonsetofthediseaseorsoftenitseffects.Someonewithageneticpredispositiontoheartdisease,forexample,couldfollowalow-fatdiet.Andifscientistsdeterminethatavitalproteinismissi

8、ngbecausethegenethatwassupposedtomakeitisdefective,theymightbeabletogivethe