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ID:21906308
大小:102.01 KB
页数:32页
时间:2018-10-25
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1、专业英语翻译一stressandstrain(应力与应变)1thefundamentalconcepts基本概念crosssection横截面theinternalstressesproducedinthebar杆的内应力continuousdistributionofhydrostaticpressure流体静压力thetensileload拉伸载荷auniformdistributionoverthecrosssection在横截面均匀分布arbitrarycross-sectionalsh
2、ape任意截面形状tensilestresses拉应力compressivestresses压应力anormalstress正应力throughthecentroidofthecrosssectionalarea通过横截面形心theuniformstresscondition压力均匀分布thestressdistributionattheendsofthebar杆末端应力分布highlocalizedstresses高度应力集中anaxiallyloadedbar轴向载荷杆件atensilest
3、rain拉应变anelongationorstretchingofthematerial材料拉伸acompressivestrain压应变theratiooftwolengths两个长度的比值purelystaticalandgeometricalconsiderations从纯静态以及几何角度考虑1.Thatbranchofscientificanalysiswhichmotions,timesandforcesiscalledmechanicsandismadeupoftwoparts,st
4、aticsanddynamics.研究位移、时间和力运动乘力是科学分析法的一个分支,被称作力学,力学由两大部分组成,静力学和动力学。2.Forexample,iftheforceoperatingonasleevebearingbecomestoohigh,itwillsqueezeouttheoilfilmandcausemetal-to-metalcontact,overheatingandrapidfailureofthebearing.例如:如果止推轴承上的作用力过大的话,会挤出油膜,引
5、起金属和金属之间的相互接触,轴承将过热而迅速失效。3.Ourintuitiveconceptofforceincludessuchideasasplaceofapplication,direction,andmagnitude,andthesearecalledthecharacteristicsofaforce.力的直观概念包括力的作用点、大小、方向,这些被称为力的三要素。4.Allbodiesareeitherelasticorplasticandwillbedeformedifactedu
6、ponbyforces.Whenthedeformationofsuchbodiesissmall,theyarefrequentlyassumedtoberigid,i.e.,incapableofdeformation,inordertosimplifytheanalysis.所有的物体既可以是弹性的也可以是塑性的,如果受到力的作用就产生变形。当变形很小的时候它们被假设成刚体,也就是不产生变形。5.Therigid-bodyassumptioncannotbeusedininternalst
7、ressesandstrainsduetotheappliedforcestobeanalyzed.Thusweconsiderthebodytobecapableofdeforming.刚体假设不能应用于内应力和内应变的分析,所以在实际力的分析时,要考虑物体的形变。6.Ifalltheforcesactingonaparticlearebalanced,theparticlewilleitherremainatrestorwillcontinuetomoveinastraightlineata
8、uniformvelocity.如果作用在质点上所有的力是平衡的,质点将会保持静止或做做匀速直线运动。21)themainmanifestationsofcapacity主要的表现能力2)themaximumunitload(stress)最大单位载荷(应力)3)stress-straindiagram应力—应变图4)thesimpletensiletest简单的拉伸试验5)thepercentageelongationatrupture断裂伸长率6)theendsoftensilespecim
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