python与perl的简单比较

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1、廖海仁2011.9.15Python与Perl的简单比较语言简介PerlPython由C/sed/awk/shell演化而来适合文本处理、系统管理，不适合操作系统开发、多线程编程从ABC语言继承而来，主要受Modula-3影响，结合Unixshell与C的习惯面向对象、解释性、胶水语言优点PerlPython强大的正则表达式匹配功能复杂灵活的数据结构Unicode支持(相对AWK/C)自然语言（也是缺点）智能语言（也是缺点）简单、易学高层语言可移植性面向对象规范的代码（可读性强）图形功能（GUI)数值计算功能(NumPy)缺点PerlPython自然语言，代码晦涩难懂智能语言，可能产生臆断

2、，编程陷阱多不是很优美，很多方法做事，有时让编程者无所适从动态类型语言，不是很可靠，性能问题不适合多线程、底层编程、GUI编程易学难精强行缩进运行速度不够快（比较编译型语言）动态语言、解释型语言，调试困难（Perl不完全是解释型的）创始人LarryWall(Perl)LarryWallGuidovanRossum(Python)Languist(语言学家）PerlManywaystoaccompanythesametaskConstructsinteractincontext-sentitiveandsometimesquitesubtleways–mushlikenaturallangu

3、ageMathematician（数学家）Python:HighdegreeofuniformityOrthogonaldesign设计理念DesignPrincipleofPerlZenofPython(TimPeters)There’sMoreThanOneWayToDoItEasythingsshouldbeeasy,andhardthingsshouldbepossibleBeautifulisbetterthanugly.Explicitisbetterthanimplicit.Simpleisbetterthancomplex.Complexisbetterthancompli

4、cated.Flatisbetterthannested.Sparseisbetterthandense.Readabilitycounts.Specialcasesaren'tspecialenoughtobreaktherules.Althoughpracticalitybeatspurity.Errorsshouldneverpasssilently.Unlessexplicitlysilenced.Inthefaceofambiguity,refusethetemptationtoguess.Thereshouldbeone--andpreferablyonlyone--obvio

5、uswaytodoit. Althoughthatwaymaynotbeobviousatfirstunlessyou'reDutch.Nowisbetterthannever. Althoughneverisoftenbetterthan*right*now.Iftheimplementationishardtoexplain,it'sabadidea. Iftheimplementationiseasytoexplain,itmaybeagoodidea.Namespacesareonehonkinggreatidea--let'sdomoreofthose!Fundamentalp

6、rinciplesofhumanlanguage(I)ExpressivenessismoreimportantthanlearnabilityIt’squiteOKtospeakin“babytalk”ifyouhappentobeababyAlanguagecanbeusefulevenbeforeyouhavelearnedthewholelanguageThereareoftenseveralgoodwaystosayroughlythesamethingEverylinguisticutterancegetsmeaningfrommanycontextsatonceEffiice

7、ntcommunicationrequiresacertainamountoflinguisticcomplexitySemanticnetworksdonotgennerallymapwellintoorthogonalspacesShortcutsabound;commonexpressionsshouldbeshorterthanuncommonexpressionsFundamentalprinciplesofh