北师语言学真题回忆版

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1、2009年以前考试04年语言学试卷1.Definethefollowingterms:20points1) langue2) parole3) allophone4) semanticfield5) cohesion2.TrytoidentifythepossibleparadigmaticrelationbetweenanyitemsinthefollowingpoembyLuXun10points岂有豪情似旧时？花开花落两由之。何期泪洒江南雨，又为斯民哭健儿！3.Givesomelexicalitemstoillustratesocialdialects.Trytoe

2、xplaintheirconnotations.20points4.WhatcanthisrulemeaninEnglishgrammar?10points{D}---[-id]/[t]---5.Definethefollowingsoundsintermsofarticulatoryfeatures10points6.TrytotellsomeofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesenominalconstructions.Supplysomeexamples.10points7.Wecanuseth

3、epattern“itis……”toemphasizeanypartofasentenceexceptthepredicate.Whatcanwedoifwemustemphasizeit?Pleasegiveexamplestohighlightyouremphasisofanypartofthissentence:15pointsIboughtabookinthecityyesterday.8.Trytodiscussasmanyaspossiblethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage.15points9.Observethefollowi

4、ngsentences:  老王找到老张，才找到他的儿子。老王找到老张，才找到他自己的儿子。老王找到老张，才找到自己的儿子。老王找到老张，才找到儿子。Whichsentenceisclearinitsmeaning?Whichoneisunclear?Trytoexplainwhy.PointoutsomefeaturesoftheChineselanguage.10points10.Discussthefollowing2sentences,andtellwhywecanassigndifferentvaluestotheyearoffifteen:10pointsSh

5、eisalreadyfifteen,andyetsheiscryingoversuchasmallthing.Shehasdoneitverywell;Sheisonlyfifteen,youknow.11.Whatcanlinguisticsdoforlanguagelearningandteaching?(10points)12.DeterminerPhrase(DP)isthenamenewlygiventotheNPingenerativegrammar.ADPcanbeaformlike      1)abook;2)thebook;3)books;4)theb

6、ook.  ThisnamemaybebetterthantheoldnameofNPinthatitremindsusofsthwhenwe(Chinesespeakers)learnorteachEnglish.Doyouagreetothis?Trytotellanythingsignificanthere.(10points)09年语言学试题1.definethefollowingphonemes.2.解释下面的概念。共6个，任选4个。sememe；imageschema；endocentricconstruction；cohortmodel；displaceme

7、ntfunctionoflanguage；foregrounding.3.最简单的一题。题目给出几个关于lexicalchange的例子。让你写出在语言学中这叫做什么现象。teleprinter+exchange---------WTO———WorldTradeOrganization---------bird  youngbird—anykindofbird--------stump  thepartofatreetrunkleftprotrudingfromtheground—tochallenge-------tempe