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1、Lecture9JohnMilton—ParadiseLostJacobsLadderJohnMilton(1608—1674)HeremainedoutsidebothDonne’sandJonson’sinfluenceParadiseLosttakesitsplaceinwesternliteraturealongwithHomer’sIlliadandOdyssey,Virgil’sAneid《伊尼伊德》,andDante’sDivineComedyandinEnglishliterat
2、urewithBeowulfandSpenser’sFairieQueene.1.JohnMilton'sTimes1642-1649:EnglishCivilWarKing/AnglicanClergyvs.Parliament(dominatedbyPuritans)ProtestantRevolution(DeathofKingCharlesI)1649-1660:NoBritishKing1649-1653:Commonwealth1653-1658:ProtectorateofOliv
3、erCromwell1660:Restoration(ofKingCharlesII)2.Milton’sReligion1).MiltonbelievedthateachindividualChristianshouldbehisownchurch,withoutanyestablishmenttoencumberhim.2).Inhislateryears,MiltoncametoviewallorganizedChristianchurches,whetherAnglican,Cathol
4、icorPresbyterian,asanobstacletotruefaith.3.Hisrevolutionarycareer1).Pamphleteeringinthecauseofreligiousandcivillibertyin1641-60.2).AppointedLatinSecretarytoCromwell’sCouncilofStatein1649.3).CensorandeditoroftheCommonwealthpaper,MercuriusPoliticuin165
5、1.LatinDefenseofthePeopleofEngland.4).Totallyblindin1652andimprisonedforashorttimeaftertherestorationandthenretiredtoprivatelife.4.Milton’sliterarycareer1625-1640:shortpoems:L’AllegroandIlPenseroso(1632),Comus(1634,宴会欢乐之神),andLycidas(1638)1640-1660:p
6、amphletsandtracts:Areopagitica(1644《论出版自由》);TheDefenseoftheEnglishPeople(1650);The2ndDefenseoftheEnglishPeople(1650).1660-1674:ParadiseLost(1667),ParadiseRegained(1671),andSamsonAgonistes(1671).1).Milton’sWorksofHisEarlyDaysPoemswritteninCambridgeand
7、atHorton:a.OntheMorningofChrist’sNativity《基督诞生晨颂》,firstimportantworkb.L’Allegro《快乐的人》Penseroso《幽思的人》c.Comus《科玛斯》amask假面剧,inblankversed.Lycidas《利西达斯》,expressingthepathos(哀颂)ofhisfriendEdwardKing’sprematuredeathtwinlyricalpoemsRhyme:abbacdeec2).Worksof
8、hisadultyears:a.pamphletsonreligiousreformOfReformationinEngland《论英国改革》b.pamphletsonmarriageanddivorce:DoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce《离婚的戒律与学说》c.Areopagitica《论出版自由》aproseworkforthefreedomofthepressd.DefenceoftheEnglishPeople《为英国人民声辩》—Apamphletagainst
