英美国家概况 美国篇.doc

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1、Unit31.thefirstEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericaThefirstEnglishpermanentsettlementwasorganizedin1607bytheLondonCompanywithacharterfromtheEnglishking.ThecolonistssettledinVirginiaandsurvivedbyimposingstrictdisciplineonthemselvesandbytransplantingtobaccointothecolonyofVirginia.In1619,thes

2、ettlerselectedtheirdelegatesandsetuptheHouseofBurgesses,andthesametimetheyboughtandenslavedblackservants.2.PuritanismPuritanswerethosewhofollowedthedoctrineofJohnCalvinandwantedtopurifytheChurchofEngland.TheybelievedthathumanbeingswerepredestinedbyGodbeforetheywereborn.SomewereGod’sch

3、osenpeoplewhileothersweredamnedtohell.Nochurchnorgoodworkscouldsavepeople.ThesignofbeingGod’selectwasthesuccessinhisworkortheprosperityinhiscalling.TheyalsoarguedthateveryonemustreadtheBibleinordertofindGod’swillandestablishadirectcontactwithGod.ThesebeliefshadgreatimpactonAmericancul

4、ture.3.TheDeclarationofIndependenceItwasmainlydraftedbyThomasJeffersonandwasadoptedbytheCongressonJuly4,1776,whenthepeopleof13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawerefightingfortheirfreedomandindependencefromtheBritishcolonialrule.Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitled

5、tohavesomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernment:thepowersofgovernmentscamefromtheconsentofthegovernedandthepurposeofgovernmentsweretosecuretherightsmentionedabove.ThetheoryofpoliticsandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevo

6、lutionmainlycamefromJohnLocke.4.GeorgeWashingtonGeorgeWashingtonwasoneofthefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublic.HewastheCommander-in-chiefoftheContinentalArmyintheWarofIndependenceagainsttheBritishcolonialruleandthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.5.BenjaminFranklinBenjaminFranklinwaso

7、neofthefoundingfathersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.HeparticipatedinwritingtheDeclarationofIndependenceandmakingtheUSConstitution.Unit41.TheArticlesofConfederationAftertheWarofIndependencewaswon,thenewnationoftheUnitedStateswasorganizedundertheagreementoftheArticlesofConfederationwithawe

8、aknat