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1、Unit4SavingtheAmazonTogetherWarmupTellyourclassmates5thingsthatyouknowaboutAmazonanddescribethemindetail.Video:amazonrainforestIntrotoAmazonrainforestTheAmazonrainforest(French:Forêtamazonienne),alsoknowninEnglishasAmazoniaortheAmazonJungle,isamoistbroadleaf（阔叶林）forestthatcoversmostoftheA
2、mazonbasinofSouthAmerica.Thisbasinencompasses7,000,000squarekilometres(2,700,000 sq mi),ofwhich5,500,000squarekilometres(2,100,000 sq mi)arecoveredbytherainforest.Thisregionincludesterritorybelongingtoninenations.ThemajorityoftheforestiscontainedwithinBrazil,with60%oftherainforest,followe
3、dbyPeruwith13%,Colombiawith10%,andwithminoramountsinVenezuela(委内瑞拉),Ecuador,Bolivia,Guyana(圭亚那),Suriname(苏里南)andFrenchGuiana(法属圭亚那).HistoryVideo:thebrutalhistoryofexploringtheAmazonNaturalTherainforestlikelyformedduringtheEocene(始新世)era.Itappearedfollowingaglobalreductionoftropicaltempera
4、tureswhentheAtlanticOceanhadwidenedsufficientlytoprovideawarm,moist(潮湿的)climatetotheAmazonbasin.Therainforesthasbeeninexistenceforatleast55millionyears.SaharaDesertdustwindblowntotheAmazonMorethan56%ofthedustfertilizingtheAmazonrainforestcomesfromNorthernChadintheSaharadesert.Thedustconta
5、insphosphorus(磷),importantforplantgrowth.TheyearlySaharadustreplacestheequivalentamountofphosphoruswashedawayyearlyinAmazonsoilfromrainsandfloods.Upto50milliontonsofSaharadustperyearareblownacrosstheAtlanticOcean.HumanactivityBasedonarchaeologicalevidencefromanexcavation(发掘)atCavernadaPed
6、raPintada,humaninhabitantsfirstsettledintheAmazonregionatleast11,200yearsago.Subsequentdevelopmentledtolate-prehistoricsettlementsalongtheperiphery(外缘，边缘)oftheforestbyAD1250,whichinduced(引起)alterationsintheforestcover.BiodiversityWettropicalforestsarethemostspecies-richbiome（生态系统）,andtrop
7、icalforestsintheAmericasareconsistentlymorespeciesrichthanthewetforestsinAfricaandAsia.AsthelargesttractoftropicalrainforestintheAmericas,theAmazonianrainforestshaveunparalleledbiodiversity.OneintenknownspeciesintheworldlivesintheAmazonrainforest.Thisconstitutesthel
