克尔凯郭尔“the leap of faith and the limits of reason”

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1、Kierkegaard,“TheLeapofFaithandtheLimitsofReason”Late19thC.DanishphilosopherChristianexistentialistArguesthatitisnotpossibletoprovetheexistenceofGodthroughreason,sinceitisdifficulttoprovetheexistenceofanything.ParadoxofReasonWecannotprovetheexistenceofGod,northatGoddoesn

2、otexist,yetweareconstantlymovedtoattempttodecidetheissue.Kierkegaard’sArgumentTheonlywaythatwecanproveGod’sexistenceistobeginbypresupposingit.Butsincethisisquestion-begging,suchamethodcannotrationallydemonstrateGod’sexistence.ThustobelieveinGodoreventomaketheattempttoun

3、derstandthenatureofGodistomakealeapoffaith.ThenonecanbegintounderstandGod’spurpose.James,“TheWilltoBelieve”Thesis:logicorreasonisnotincompatiblewithfaith.SomedistinctionsAhypothesisisanassertion.eitherliveordead:liveifitisatallpossibleorcredibleforsomeone;otherwiseitisd

4、ead.Anoptionisachoicebetweentwohypotheses.livingifeitherofthepossibilitiesislive.Optionisforcedifthechoicecannotbeavoided.Optionismomentousonlyifitiscrucialthatweactononeortheotheroptions.TheReligiousHypotheses1.Thebestthingsaretheeternalthings.2.BettertobelieveinReligi

5、oneveniffalse.James’ArgumentP1.God’sexistenceisalivingoption.P2.Religionisamomentousoption.P3.Itisaforcedoption.P4.Tochoosenottobelieveinreligion(God)istothinkitisbettertofearbeingwrongmorethanhopeforthepossibilityofeternalgood.P5.Butthiscannotberight.James’Argument,con

6、t.C1.Thereforeholdingthereligioushypothesisistobepreferredtoanyalternative.P6.Religionisthekindofhypothesiswhichwecanonlyseetobetrueifweacceptitfirst.C2.Thus,itisakindoftruthwhichwecannotseeifweareskepticalofit.James’Argument,cont.P7.Anyrulethatpreventsusfrombeingableto

7、apprehendakindoftruthmustbeabadrule.C3.Sotherecannotbeacommandofreasontobeskepticalofreligion.C.Thereforethereligioushypothesisiscompatiblewithreason.FaithandRationalBeliefFaithisnotthesameasrationalbelief1.Beliefassumesthepossibilitythattheassertionisfalse.2.Beliefscou

8、ldbefalsifiedbytheempiricalevidence.Faith,unlikebelief,isunlimitedbytheempiricalfactsoftheworld.Faithislimited