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1、脊髓及脊柱临床应用解剖脊柱Vertebralcolumn基础医学院人体解剖教研室Thevertebralcolumn脊柱consistsof24vertebrae,thesacrum,andthecoccyx.一、Vertebrae椎骨Thereare33vertebraeinchildren,arrangedasfollows:Cervicalvertebrae颈椎C.7Thoracicvertebrae胸椎T.12Lumbarvertebrae腰椎L.5Sacralvertebrae骶椎S.5sacrum骶骨C
2、occygealvertebrae尾椎Co.3~4coccyx尾骨GeneralfeaturesofvertebraeVertebralbody椎体Vertebralarch椎弓pedicleofvertebralarch椎弓根:sup.andinf.Vertebralnotch椎上、下切迹laminaofvertebralarch椎弓板process(7):spinousprocess棘突transverseprocess横突sup.andinf.articularprocesses上、下关节突Vertebral
3、foramen椎孔Vertebralcanal椎管Intervertebralforamen椎间孔RegionalvariationsofvertebraeCervicalvertebraeVertebraeBody:smallVertebralforamen:largerandtriangularSpinousprocesses:shortandbifidinC3toC5,longinC6,andlongerinC7Transverseprocesses:shortandbifid,transverseforam
4、en横突孔Articularprocesses:horizontalAtypicalvertebeaeAtlas寰椎(C1)Bodyandspinousprocessabsent,consistsofanteriorandposteriorarches,andtwolateralmassesGrooveforvertebralartery椎动脉沟Axis枢椎(C2):distinguishedbydens齿突whicharticulateswithdentalfoveaofanteriorarchofatlasCa
5、rotidtubercle:颈动脉结节:anteriortubercleoftransverseprocessofC6Vertebraprominens隆椎(C7):containslongandnon-bifidspinousprocess,itisvisiblewithneckflexed,usedasclinicallandmarkincountingcervicalandthoracicspinousprocessesThoracicvertebraeVertebraeBody：heart-shape,su
6、periorandinferiorcostalfovea上、下肋凹Vertebralforamen：smaller,rounderSpinousprocesses：long,pointobliquelydownwardTransverseprocesses：transversecostalfovea横突肋凹Articularprocesses:coronalLumbarvertebraeVertebraeBody：larger,kidney-shapeVertebralforamen:largerandtriang
7、ularSpinousprocesses:projectshorizontallyTransverseprocesses:longArticularprocesses:sagittalSacrumAnteriorsurface:promontory岬,anteriorsacralforamina骶前孔(fourpairs)Posteriorsurface:mediansacralcrest骶正中嵴,posteriorsacralforamina(fourpairs),sacralhiatus骶管裂孔，sacralc
8、ornu骶角Lateralpart:auricularsurface耳状面,sacraltuberosity骶粗隆二、ArticulationsofVertebrae椎骨的连结JointsofthevertebralbodiesJointsofthevertebralarches1.Jointsofthevertebralbodies椎体间的连结Interv
