the impact of design features of language on foreign language learning

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1、TheImpactofDesignFeaturesofLanguageonForeignLanguageLearning　　【Abstract】AccordingtoCharlesF.Hockett（1916-2000），anAmericanlinguisticanthropologist，therearefifteendesignfeaturesoflanguage.Theyareinterchangeability，feedback，specialization，semanticity，arbitrariness，discre

2、teness，displacement，productivity，grammaticalpatterning，idioms，culturaltransmission，duality，prevarication，relexiveness，andlearnabilityrespectively.Intheessay，thenotionthataforeignlanguagecanbelearnedandmasteredinashortperiodoftimeisdebatedbasedonhumanlanguage’sarbitrar

3、iness，productivity，displacement，andduality.　　【Keywords】designfeatures；foreignlanguagelearning　　Humanlanguageisdistinctivefromlanguagesusedbyotherspeciesandadvantageousoveranimal“language”，complicatedandflexible，andalsocapableofcreatingnewmeanings.Therearesomedesignfea

4、turesforlanguagedevelopedbyHockett.Amongthem，arbitrariness，productivity，displacement，anddualityareexploredinlightofforeignlanguagelearning.　　Arbitrarinessisreferredtothefactthattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.Forexample，wecanfindnowayt

5、oexplainwhyadeskiscalled/desk/anda桌子（zhuozi）inChinese.It，inasense，constitutesafairlybigchallengeforaforeignlanguagelearnertohaveagoodcommandofthevocabularyofthetargetlanguage.Learnersgetpanicwhentheyfinallyunderstandtheword“water”indeedindicatessomethingthatwedrinkeve

6、ryday.TakeJapaneseandChineseforinstance，“丈夫”inChinesemeansthe“husband”，and“strong”or“everythingisok”instead；anotherstrikingcaseisthatthecharacter“娘”means“mother”inChineseandtheopposite，“daughter”inJapanese.Thusthelackofnaturalrelationshipbetweensignifierandsignifiedis

7、thebiggestproblemforaforeignlanguagelearner.Andthisproblemcanlesspredominantinstudyinghieroglyph，buthieroglyphisnolongerinuseuptoday.　　Dualityisanotherdistinctfeatureofhumanlanguagethatreferstothepropertyofhavinglevelsofstructures，unitsoftheprimarylevelbeingcomposedof

8、elementsofthesecondarylevelandeachlevelhavingitsownprincipalsoforganization.Inhumanlanguage，theelementsoftheprimarylevelares