3.人体解剖学-神经系统概论introduction-to-ns

《3.人体解剖学-神经系统概论introduction-to-ns》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、NervousSystemDept.ofAnatomyZhouHongYingeaglezhyxzy@163.comIntroductionandoverviewIntroductionandoverviewDivisionofnervoussystemOrganizationofcentralnervoussystemTermofcentralnervoussystem(DevelopmentofCNS)Peripheralnervoussystem:31pairsofspinalnerves12pairsofcranialner

2、vesAutonomicnervousfibersgangliaThehumannervoussystemCentralnervoussystem:----Spinalcord&brainBrainstemmedullaponsmidbrainDiencephalonsCerebellumCerebralhemisphereThehumannervoussystemThebrainoccupiedthecranialcavityThespinalcordlocatedinspinalcanalThecranialnervesatta

3、chedtothebrainThespinalnervesattachedtospinalcordComponentsandorganisationofthenervoussystemThebasicstructuralandfunctionalunitofthenervoussystemisthenervecellorneuron.NeuronBasicstructure:BodyDendritesaaxonAxonsmaybehighlybranched=collateralsTypesofneuronsbyfunction:A

4、fferentneuron/sensoryneuronEfferentneuron/motorneuronInterneurons/relayneuronsTypesofneuronsbystructure:multipolarneuronbipolarneuronunipolarneuron(pseudounipolar)Thenervoussystemismadeupofmillions,perhapsbillions,ofneurons.Informationispassedbetweenneuronesatspecialis

5、edregionscalledsynapses.SynapseSynapseisthejunctionbetweentwoneuronswheretheelectricalactivityinoneneuroninfluencestheexcitabilityofthesecondneuron.Atthispoint(thesynapse),ChemicalandElectricalreactionoccurs.Chemicalsynapsesneuronsneuroglia.TermsofNSGreymatter–someregi

6、onsintheCNSarerelativelyenrichedinnervecellbodiesWhitematter–someregionsinCNSarerelativelyenrichedinprocesses(usuallyaxons)Ganglia–someregionsinthePNSarerelativelyenrichedinnervecellbodiesNervecellbodiesintheCNSwithsimilaranatomicalconnectionandfunctionarecallednucleiT

7、ermsofNS—nerveNerve–theprocesses(usuallyaxons)inthePNSoftenmyelinatedformedbynervefibersofneurons:includingtheAXONSandtheirglialenvelopes(myelinsheath)TermsofNSTractsthatnerveprocessessharingcommonconnectionsandfunctionstendtofollowsamecoursearecalledrunninginpathwayso

8、rtractAfferenttractsarecalledascendingtractoraffect(sensoryascendingtractorpathway)Efferenttractsarecalleddescendingt