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1、Grown-upsareoftensurprised Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyears
2、andstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears. Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearni
3、ng,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit. Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolist
4、entoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn. Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,because
5、theyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood. Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,b
6、utheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone’sfuturedevelopment. 67.WhoisthemainideaofparagraphI? A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood. B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups. C.Po
7、emreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords. D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember. 68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________. A.presentingresearchfindings B.sellingdowngeneralrules C.makingacomparison D.usingexamples 69.Accordingtotheauthor,beingabletous
8、emultiplicationtablesis________. A.aresultofoverlearning B.aspecialcaseofcramming C.askilltodealwithmathproblems D.abasicsteptowardsadvancedstudies 70.Whatistheauthor’sopinion
